播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 1971-1980.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.002

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培 • 上一篇下一篇

播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

湛长贵(), 孙婷, 王冀川(), 高振, 李同蕊, 热亚乃木·阿西木

塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

收稿日期:2020-10-20 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-12-16
通信作者: 王冀川(1968-),男,河北廊坊人,教授,硕导,研究方向为作物高效栽培生理生态,(E-mail) wjcwzy@126.com
作者简介:湛长贵(1998-),男,青海海东人,本科生,研究方向为作物生理,(E-mail) 3294863741@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“新疆滴灌小麦水分高效利用原理与调控机理研究”(31260303);塔里木大学校长基金“滴灌小麦群体质量调控效应与高产途径研究”(TDZKGG201702);国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目“播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦生长特征和产量构成的影响”(201910757011);校级研究生科研创新项目“播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦群体结构和产量构成的影响”(TDGRI201818)

Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation

ZHAN Changgui(), SUN Ting, WANG Jichuan(), GAO Zhen, LI Tongrui, Reyanaimu Aximu

College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2020-10-20 Published:2021-11-20 Online:2021-12-16
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China "Study on the Principle of Efficient Use of Water and Regulation Mechanism of Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang"(31260303);Tarim University President Fund Project "Study on the Population Quality Control Effect and High-Yield Way of Drip Irrigation Wheat"(TDZKGG201702);National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students "Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Growth Characteristics and Yield Components of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat"(201910757011);Research and Innovation Project of Graduate Students of Tarim University "Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Population Structure and Yield Components of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat"(TDGRI201818)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究播期和密度对新疆南疆滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量构成的影响,分析适宜的播期及种植密度,为生产实践提供依据。【方法】以新冬22号(少穗型)和邯郸5316(多穗型)为材料,采用裂区田间试验设计,主区为3个播期:9月23日(B₁)、10月4日(B₂)和10月15日(B₃);副区为4个播种量:播种量3.15×10⁶ 粒/hm²(M₁)、5.1×10⁶ 粒/hm²(M₂)、7.05×10⁶ 粒/hm²(M₃)和9×10⁶ 粒/hm²(M₄)。【结果】滴灌冬小麦旗叶Pn和Tr在扬花期最大,新冬22号在B₂播期、邯郸5316在M₃播期下平均Pn最高。B₂M₂处理的Pn最高,新冬22号和邯郸5316分别达15.45和16.94 μmol CO₂/(m²·s);Tr以M₂处理最大M₄处理最小,随播期延迟,Tr呈缓慢上升趋势,并以B₂M₂(新冬22号)或B₂M₁(邯郸5316)最高,分别为6.35和6.08 μmol CO₂/(m²·s);旗叶SPAD以扬花期达最高,平均SPAD随密度增大或播期延迟而减少,B₁M₁处理最大,其次为B₃M₁(新冬22号)和B₂M₁(邯郸5316)。【结论】建立了播期、播量与产量的关系模型,提出了高产条件下群、个体发育指标。新冬22号在10月1日播种、播量315.30 kg/hm²,邯郸5316在10月2日播种、播量262.47 kg/hm²时产量最高,分别达8 271.88和9 116.19 kg/hm²;提出了晚播增密的技术参数。

关键词: 冬小麦; 滴灌; 播期; 播量; 光合特征; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of sowing date and density on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield components of winter wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang and determine the suitable sowing time and planting density in the hope of providing basis for production practice. 【Methods】 Xindong 22 (less-spike type) and Handan 5316 (multi-spike type) were taken as the test materials, the field test design of the split area was adopted, and the main area was three sowing dates: September 23 (B₁) and October 4 (B₂) and October 15 (B₃); the sub-area had four seeding rates: 3.15×10⁶ grains/hm²(M₁), 5.1×10⁶ grains/hm²(M₂), 7.05×10⁶ grains/hm²(M₃) and 9×10⁶ grains/hm²(M₄). 【Results】 Drip irrigation winter wheat flag leaf Pn and Tr were the largest in the flowering period, Xindong 22 had the highest average Pn in the B₂ sowing period and Handan 5316 in the M₃ sowing period. The Pn of B₂M₂ treatment was the highest, Xindong 22 and Handan 5316 reached 15.45 and 16.94 μmol CO₂/(m²·s) respectively; Tr treated with M₂ was the largest and treated with M₄ was the smallest, the follow-up period was delayed. Tr was slowly rising and the trend was the highest with B₂M₂ (Xindong 22) or B₂M₁ (Handan 5316), 6.35 and 6.08 μmol CO₂/(m²·s), respectively; the flag leaf SPAD reached the highest during the flowering period, and the average SPAD decreased with the increase of density or the delay of sowing time. B₁M₁ treatment was the largest, followed by B₃M₁ (Xindong 22) and B₂M₁ (Handan 5316); The relationship model of sowing date, sowing amount and yield was established, and the index of group and individual development was put forward under the condition of high yield. 【Conclusion】 Xindong 22 is sown on October 1 with a volume of 315.30 kg/hm², and Handan 5316 is sown on October 2 with a volume of 262.47 kg/hm², with the highest output, reaching 8,271.88 and 9,116.19 kg/hm², respectively; The technical parameters of increasing density by late seeding are put forward.

Key words: winter wheat; drip irrigation; sowing date; sowing volume; photosynthetic characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S512

湛长贵, 孙婷, 王冀川, 高振, 李同蕊, 热亚乃木·阿西木. 播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 1971-1980.

ZHAN Changgui, SUN Ting, WANG Jichuan, GAO Zhen, LI Tongrui, Reyanaimu Aximu. Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 1971-1980.

图/表 12

图1 不同密度下新冬22号(上)与邯郸5316(下)净光合速率变化注:①a、b、c分别表示新冬22号在B1、B2和B3播期下的光合指标;d、e、f分别表示邯郸5316在B1、B2和B3播期下的光合指标。②JS: 拔节期, BS: 孕穗期,HS: 抽穗期,FP: 扬花期, FS: 灌浆期。下同

Fig.1 Effects of different densities on net photosynthetic rate of Xindong 22 (Upper) and Handan 5316 (Lower) Note:①a, b and c show the photosynthetic indexes of Xindong 22 under the sowing dates of B1, B2 and B3 respectively; d, e and f show the photosynthetic indexes of Handan 5316 under the sowing dates of B1, B2 and B3 respectively. ②JS: jointing period, BS: booting period, HS: heading period, FP: flowering period, FS: filling stage, the same as below

图2 不同播期下新冬22号(上)与邯郸5316(下)净光合速率变化注:a’、b’、c’、d’分别表示新冬22号在M1、M2、M3和M4密度下的光合指标;e’、f’、g’、h’分别表示邯郸5316在M1、M2、M3和M4密度下的光合指标。下同

Fig.2 Effects of different sowing dates on net photosynthetic rate of Xindong 22 (Upper) and Handan 5316 (Lower) Note: a ', b', c ', d' represent the photosynthetic indexes of Xindong 22 under the density of M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively; and e ', f', g ', h' represent the photosynthetic indexes of Handan 5316 under the density of M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively, the same as below

图3 不同密度下新冬22号(上)与邯郸5316(下)蒸腾速率变化

Fig.3 Effects of different densities on transpiration rates of Xindong 22 (Upper) and Handan 5316 (Lower)

图4 不同播期下新冬22号(上)与邯郸5316(下)蒸腾速率变化

Fig.4 Effects of different sowing dates on transpiration rates of Xindong 22 (Upper) and Handan 5316 (Lower)

图5 不同密度下新冬22号(上)与邯郸5316(下)SPAD变化注:图中7D、14D和21D分别表示花后7 d、花后14 d和扬花后21 d,以下同

Fig.5 Effects of different densities on SPAD of Xindong 22 (Upper) and Handan 5316 (Lower) Note: 7, 14 and 21 D in the figure respectively represent 7 days after flowering, 14 days after flowering and 21 days after flowering, the same below

图6 不同播期下新冬22号(上)与邯郸5316(下)SPAD变化

Fig.6 Effects of different sowing dates on SPAD of Xindong 22 (Upper) and Handan 5316 (Lower)

图7 各处理产量及单株籽粒产量比较

Fig.7 Comparison of yield of each treatment and grain yield per plant

图8 不同播期和密度下新冬22号产量变化

Fig.8 Effect of sowing date and density on yield of Xindong 22

图9 不同播期和密度下邯郸5316产量变化

Fig.9 Effect of sowing date and density on yield of Handan 5316

表1 产量构成优化模拟

Table 1 Simulation results of yield composition optimization

品种 Varieties	最高产量 Maximum yield (kg/hm²)	收获穗数 Harvest panicle number (10⁴/hm²)	千粒重 1,000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	经济系数 Economic coefficient
新冬22号 Xindong 22	8 271.88	809.07	46.12	22.61	0.42
邯郸5316 Handan 5316	9 135.31	819.48	43.91	28.31	0.41

表2 个体发育优化模拟

Table 2 Simulation results of individual development optimization

品种 Varieties	株高 Plant height (cm)	单株最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area per plant (cm²)	单株干重 Dry weight per plant (g)	单株穗数 Spikes per plant
新冬22号 Xindong 22	76.05	84.28	2.24	1.13
邯郸5316 Handan 5316	73.62	91.97	2.28	1.35

表3 群体发育优化模拟

Table 3 Simulation results of population development optimization

品种 Varieties	冬前总茎数 Total stems before winter (10⁴/hm²)	最高总茎数 Maximum total stems (10⁴/hm²)	最大LAI Maximum LAI	拔节期LAI Jointing stage LAI	灌浆期LAI Filling stage LAI
新冬22号 Xindong 22	1 118.61	1 618.86	7.25	3.95	3.96
邯郸5316 Handan 5316	1 311.17	1 818.46	8.14	4.76	4.82

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播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation

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