新疆北疆小麦单产提升路径分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.S1.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (S1): 1-6.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.S1.001

新疆北疆小麦单产提升路径分析

王立红(), 时佳, 高新, 王春生, 韩俊杰, 王宇凡, 张跃强()

新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-10-29
通信作者: 张跃强(1976-),男,江苏海安人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)zhangyqyhm@163.com
作者简介:王立红(1990-),女,河南人,助理研究员,研究方向小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)lihongwang@xaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划课题“新疆小麦生产气象灾害防控关键技术研究与集成应用”(2022B02001-3);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目“新疆小麦抗逆防灾减损全程化控技术体系构建”(ZYYD2024JD18);新疆小麦产业技术体系(XJARS-01-22);新疆小麦产业技术体系(XJARS-01-05);新疆小麦产业技术体系(XJARS-01-27);新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院青年理论学习小组调研项目

Analysis of the path to increase wheat yield in changji prefecture, a mModel wheat region in northern Xinjiang

WANG Lihong(), SHI Jia, GAO Xin, WANG Chunsheng, HAN Junjie, WANG Yufan, ZHANG Yueqiang()

Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Desert Oases of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Water saving Agriculture in Northwest Oases of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2025-06-20 Published:2025-10-10 Online:2025-10-29
Correspondence author: ZHANG Yueqiang (1976-), male, from Hai'an, Jiangsu, researcher, master's supervisor, research direction: wheat breeding and cultivation, (E-mail) zhangyqyhm@163.com
Supported by:
The key project of the Autonomous Region's Key R&D Program: "Research and Integrated Application of Key Technologies for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Control in Xinjiang Wheat Production"(2022B02001-3);Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project "Construction of Xinjiang Wheat Stress Resistance, Disaster Prevention, and Loss Reduction Full Process Chemical Control Technology System"(ZYYD2024JD18);Xinjiang Wheat Industry Technology System(XJARS-01-22);Xinjiang Wheat Industry Technology System(XJARS-01-05);Xinjiang Wheat Industry Technology System(XJARS-01-27);Research Project of Youth Theoretical Learning Group of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 系统分析新疆昌吉回族自治州(简称昌吉州)小麦生产现状,探究小麦单产提升的关键技术路径,为区域小麦产业高质量发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】 采用文献研究、实地调研和数据分析等方法相结合。【结果】 昌吉州小麦生产关键制约因素:缺乏专用小麦品种和小麦种植模式全链条精准管理。构建“品种改良-水肥优化-技术集成-机制创新”四维协同的提升路径:(1)加强抗逆高产稳产专用品种选育;(2)集成精准管理提质增效技术体系,构建“有机-无机-生物协同增效技术体系”,提高土壤基础肥力;构建“智能水肥精准调控技术体系”,建立滴灌水肥一体化智能决策系统;构建“精细化整地-智能化播种-精准化管理”三位一体的现代小麦种植技术体系,实现从整地到播种的高标准化作业;构建“小麦病虫害精准防治技术体系”。(3)强化农户技术培训与示范推广,提升标准化种植覆盖面。【结论】 通过构建“品种改良-水肥优化-技术集成-机制创新”四维协同技术集成创新,以稳步提升单产。

关键词: 水肥调控技术; 水肥利用效率; 专用小麦品种

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on a systematic analysis of the current wheat production status in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, this study explores the key technological pathways for increasing wheat yield per unit area, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the high-quality development of the regional wheat industry. 【Methods】 The study employs a combined research methodology, including literature review, field investigation, and data analysis. 【Results】 An analysis of the natural resources and cultivation practices for wheat in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture reveals three major constraining factors in wheat production: (1) The absence of specialized wheat varieties.;(2)Deficiency in precision management throughout the entire wheat cultivation value chain.A four-dimensional synergistic approach integrating "variety improvement, water-fertilizer optimization, technology integration, and institutional innovation" was developed, featuring:(1) Enhanced breeding of stress-resistant, high-yield, and stable specialized wheat varieties;(2) An integrated precision management system for quality and efficiency enhancement, including: An "organic-inorganic-bio synergistic fertilization system" to improve soil fertility; A "smart water-fertilizer precision regulation system" with intelligent decision-making for drip irrigation; A modern wheat cultivation system combining "precision land preparation, intelligent sowing, and precision management"; A "precision pest and disease control system".(3) Strengthened farmer training and demonstration programs to expand standardized cultivation practices. 【Conclusion】 The implementation of an innovative four-dimensional technology integration system - incorporating cultivar improvement, precision water-fertilizer management, advanced technology integration, and institutional innovation mechanisms - has proven effective in achieving consistent yield increases.This comprehensive approach provides substantial scientific and technological support for the modernization and industrial upgrading of wheat production systems in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.

Key words: water and fertilizer regulation technology; water and fertilizer utilization efficiency; wpecialized wheat varieties

中图分类号:

S-9
S512

王立红, 时佳, 高新, 王春生, 韩俊杰, 王宇凡, 张跃强. 新疆北疆小麦单产提升路径分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(S1): 1-6.

WANG Lihong, SHI Jia, GAO Xin, WANG Chunsheng, HAN Junjie, WANG Yufan, ZHANG Yueqiang. Analysis of the path to increase wheat yield in changji prefecture, a mModel wheat region in northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(S1): 1-6.

图/表 4

图1 2013~2023 年新疆小麦种植面积统计注:数据来源:国家统计局

Fig.1 Statistics of wheat planting area in Xinjiang from 2013 to 2023 Notes:Data source: National Bureau of Statistics

图2 2017~2023年昌吉州各县市年降雨量注:数据来源:新疆统计年鉴、昌吉州统计公报、昌吉州气象局年报等

Fig.2 Annual rainfall in various regions of Changji Prefecture from 2017 to 2023 Notes:Data sources: Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook, Changji Prefecture Statistical Bulletin, Changji Prefecture Meteorological Bureau Annual Report, etc

图3 2017~2024年昌吉州小麦种植面积注:数据来源:昌吉州国民经济和社会发展统计公报(不包含新疆生产建设兵团数据)

Fig.3 Wheat planting area in Changji Prefecture from 2017 to 2024 Notes:Data source: Changji Prefecture National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin (excluding data from the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps)

表1 2018~2024年昌吉州高产纪录

Tab.1 Record breaking high production in Changji Prefecture from 2018 to 2024

年份 Years	面积 Area (m²)	产量 Yield (kg/667m²)	品种 Varieties	地点 Locations	技术亮点 Technical highlights
2018	2 134.4	724	新冬41号	奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村	实现滴灌水肥一体化示范
2019	2 041.02	736.27	新冬22号	奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村	抗寒品种优化
2019	2 047.69	806.76	九圣禾D1508	奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村	强筋小麦800 kg/667m²
2019	2 147.74	832.83	新冬41号	奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村	密植增产技术应用
2020	/	785.1	新冬53号	奇台县西地镇	耐盐碱品种示范
2020	/	822.1	九圣禾D1508	奇台县西地镇	刷新新疆冬小麦单产纪录
2021	66 700.0	708.5	新春37号	奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村	百亩连片高产
2023	74 197.08	802.99	石冬01162	奇台县东湾镇中渠村十二组	旱地小麦高产突破
2023	67 233.6	806	新粮169	昌吉市二六工镇光明村	昌吉州百亩方超800 kg/667m²
2024	82 708.0	824.6	石冬01162	奇台县老奇台镇二畦村	大面积高产稳产技术集成

参考文献 4

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[2]	简咏梅. 昌吉州水资源与农业协调发展研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2023.
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新疆北疆小麦单产提升路径分析

Analysis of the path to increase wheat yield in changji prefecture, a mModel wheat region in northern Xinjiang

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