不同碳源物质输入对板结黏土特性及棉花苗期生长的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 556-571.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.005

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同碳源物质输入对板结黏土特性及棉花苗期生长的影响

赵玉鹏¹^,²(), 陈波浪¹(), 王治国², 付彦博²^,³, 扁青永²^,³

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830000
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站,新疆阿克苏 843000

收稿日期:2024-08-17 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 陈波浪(1979-),男,湖南汨罗人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为养分资源高效利用,(E-mail) 1506851236@qq.com
作者简介:赵玉鹏(1998-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为板结黏质土壤改良,(E-mail) 1422289169@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(子课题)“板结黏质农田结构重塑技术及配套产品研发”(2022A02007-2-3)

Effects of different carbon source inputs on the characteristics of compacted clay and the growth of cotton seedlings

ZHAO Yupeng¹^,²(), CHEN Bolang¹(), WANG Zhiguo², FU Yanbo²^,³, BIAN Qingyong²^,³

1. College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Uygur Antonomovs Region Acadeny of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station, Aksu Xinjiang 843000, China

Received:2024-08-17 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
"Research and Development of Reinforcement Technology and Supporting Products for Hardened Clay Farmland Structure"(2022A02007-2-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同碳源物质输入对板结黏土特性及棉花苗期生长的影响。【方法】通过采用大田试验的方法,设计对照组(CK)、农家肥(N组)、生物炭(T组)、生物菌肥(J组)、商品有机肥(J组)、矿源黄腐酸钾(H组),每组3个梯度处理,探讨5种碳源物质对黏质土壤理化性质和植株农艺性状的影响。【结果】(1)5种碳源物质输入对土壤容重和土壤孔隙度均有显著性影响,其中生物炭改良效果最显著。(2)5种碳源物质输入对各个粒径土壤团聚体均有一定的改良作用,1~2 mm土壤团聚体改良中T₂处理效果最佳,N₃处理对0.5~1 mm土壤团聚体改良效果最佳,J₃处理对0.1~0.25 mm土壤团聚体改良效果最佳;相较CK分别增加了455.70%、504.01%、207.41%、65.55%和41.70%;(3)5种碳源物质输入可以显著提高棉花植株的株高和茎粗,对株高和茎粗的改良效果为N>T>S>J>H和S>J>T>N>H。(4)5种碳源物质对植株干鲜重均有显著性提高,在对棉花农艺性质的改良中农家肥效果最佳。【结论】不同碳源物质输入对黏质土壤的理化性质和植株农艺性状有益,并以农家肥推荐量+50%的添加量最佳。黏质土壤中添加碳源物质,通过调节土壤结构和生化机质,促进土壤团粒结构的形成,减轻板结对土壤的胁迫作用。

关键词: 碳源物质; 黏质土壤; 棉花苗期; 土壤改良

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil compaction and caking can lead to a significant decrease in soil quality in agricultural farmland, and a serious lack of comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Carbon source materials may have the ability to improve the structure of clayey soil. 【Methods】By using field experiments, a control group (CK), farmyard fertilizer (N group), biochar (T group), biological bacterial fertilizer (B group), commercial organic fertilizer (J group), and mineral potassium humate (H group) were designed, with three gradient treatments in each group. The aim was to explore the effects of five carbon source substances on the physicochemical properties of clayey soil and plant agronomic traits. 【Results】(1) The input of five carbon source substances had a significant impact on soil bulk density and soil porosity, with biochar having the most significant improvement effect. (2) The input of five carbon source substances had a certain improvement effect on soil aggregates of various particle sizes. Among the 1-2 mm and 1mm soil aggregates, T₂ treatment had the best improvement effect, N₃ treatment had the best improvement effect on 0.5-1 mm soil aggregates, and J₃ treatment has the best improvement effect on 0.1-0.25 mm soil aggregates; Compared to CK, it increased by 455.70%, 504.01%, 207.41%, 65.55%, and 41.70% respectively; (3) The input of five carbon source substances could significantly improve the plant height and stem diameter of cotton plants. In terms of the improvement effect on plant height and stem diameter, the pattern presented was N>T>S>J>H and S>J>T>N>H; (4) The five carbon source substances had a significant effect on improving the dry and fresh weight of plants, and the effect of farmyard fertilizer was the best in improving the agronomic properties of cotton. 【Conclusion】In the overall evaluation, different carbon source inputs are beneficial for the physicochemical properties and plant agronomic traits of clayey soil, and the recommended amount of farmyard fertilizer+50% is the best. In summary, adding carbon source substances to clay soil can promote the formation of soil aggregates and alleviate the stress of compaction on soil by regulating soil structure and biochemical organic matter.

Key words: carbon source material; clayey soil; cotton seedling stage; soil improvement

赵玉鹏, 陈波浪, 王治国, 付彦博, 扁青永. 不同碳源物质输入对板结黏土特性及棉花苗期生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 556-571.

ZHAO Yupeng, CHEN Bolang, WANG Zhiguo, FU Yanbo, BIAN Qingyong. Effects of different carbon source inputs on the characteristics of compacted clay and the growth of cotton seedlings[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 556-571.

图/表 15

参考文献 37

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供试土壤 Soil for test (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content (%)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm³)	水解性氮 Hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/kg)	水溶性盐分 Water-soluble salt (g/kg)
0~15	11.3	0.16	1.50	105.2	16.4	235	11.4
15~30	11.7	0.14	1.55	86.7	21.1	226	13.2

供试土壤 Soil for test (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content (%)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm³)	水解性氮 Hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/kg)	水溶性盐分 Water-soluble salt (g/kg)
0~15	11.3	0.16	1.50	105.2	16.4	235	11.4
15~30	11.7	0.14	1.55	86.7	21.1	226	13.2

项目 Items	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 Mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
0~15 cm容重 0-15cm Bulk density	N组	组间	0.016	2	0.008	12.633	P <0.01
		组内	0.004	6	0.001
		总数	0.020	8
	T组	组间	0.006	2	0.003	10.513	P <0.01
		组内	0.002	6	0.000
		总数	0.008	8
	J组	组间	0.006	2	0.003	20.523	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.007	8
	S组	组间	0.005	2	0.002	21.563	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.006	8
	H组	组间	0.005	2	0.003	14.119	P <0.01
		组内	0.002	6	0.000
		总数	0.007	8
15~30 cm容重 15-30 cm Bulk density	N组	组间	0.001	2	0.001	10.102	P <0.05
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.001	8
	T组	组间	0.001	2	0.001	5.180	P <0.05
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.001	8
	J组	组间	0.006	2	0.003	32.037	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.007	8
	S组	组间	0.002	2	0.001	6.947	P <0.05
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.003	8
	H组	组间	0.004	2	0.002	11.361	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.005	8

项目 Items	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 Mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
0~15 cm容重 0-15cm Bulk density	N组	组间	0.016	2	0.008	12.633	P <0.01
		组内	0.004	6	0.001
		总数	0.020	8
	T组	组间	0.006	2	0.003	10.513	P <0.01
		组内	0.002	6	0.000
		总数	0.008	8
	J组	组间	0.006	2	0.003	20.523	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.007	8
	S组	组间	0.005	2	0.002	21.563	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.006	8
	H组	组间	0.005	2	0.003	14.119	P <0.01
		组内	0.002	6	0.000
		总数	0.007	8
15~30 cm容重 15-30 cm Bulk density	N组	组间	0.001	2	0.001	10.102	P <0.05
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.001	8
	T组	组间	0.001	2	0.001	5.180	P <0.05
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.001	8
	J组	组间	0.006	2	0.003	32.037	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.007	8
	S组	组间	0.002	2	0.001	6.947	P <0.05
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.003	8
	H组	组间	0.004	2	0.002	11.361	P <0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.005	8

项目 Items	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 Mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
0~15 cm孔隙度 0-15 cm Porosity	N组	组间	19.300	2	9.650	2.906	P =0.131
		组内	19.925	6	3.321
		总数	39.255	8
	T组	组间	7.491	2	3.745	1.372	P =0.323
		组内	16.374	6	2.729
		总数	23.864	8
	J组	组间	4.353	2	2.176	0.826	P =0.482
		组内	15.817	6	2.636
		总数	20.169	8
	S组	组间	2.286	2	1.143	0.481	P =0.640
		组内	14.262	6	2.377
		总数	16.548	8
	H组	组间	0.645	2	0.322	0.173	P =0.845
		组内	11.207	6	1.868
		总数	11.852	8
15~30 cm孔隙度 15-30 cm Porosity	N组	组间	3.538	2	1.769	0.340	P =0.725
		组内	31.218	6	5.203
		总数	34.756	8
	T组	组间	9.830	2	4.915	1.686	P =0.262
		组内	17.495	6	2.916
		总数	27.325	8
	J组	组间	28.111	2	14.056	3.713	P =0.089
		组内	22.714	6	3.786
		总数	50.825	8
	S组	组间	21.268	2	10.634	5.353	P <0.05
		组内	11.919	6	1.987
		总数	33.187	8
	H组	组间	32.959	2	16.479	7.252	P <0.05
		组内	13.634	6	2.272
		总数	46.593	8

不同碳源物质输入对板结黏土特性及棉花苗期生长的影响

Effects of different carbon source inputs on the characteristics of compacted clay and the growth of cotton seedlings

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Metrics

土层 Soil layer 0~15 cm	处理 Treatments	粒径Particle size(mm)
土层 Soil layer 0~15 cm	处理 Treatments	>2	1~2	0.5~1	0.25~0.5	0.1~0.25
	N₁	2.043 3ⁱ	0.603 3ⁱ	6.160 0^f	26.286 7^p	20.440 7^h
N	N₂	3.726 7^d	0.860 0^h	10.453 3^b	30.720 0^k	21.435 6^e
	N₃	4.950 0^b	1.750 0^b	11.753 3^a	36.760 0^h	24.676 7^c
	T₁	3.663 3^de	0.500 0^k	6.134 2^f	28.126 7ⁿ	19.916 7ⁱ
T	T₂	8.446 7^a	3.483 3^a	11.658 9^ab	28.656 7^m	20.513 4^g
	T₃	3.660 0^de	1.193 3^d	6.185 4^e	35.433 3ⁱ	25.043 5^b
	J₁	1.586 7^k	0.763 4^h	10.086 7^c	32.462 2^j	20.940 0^f
J	J₂	1.746 7^j	0.503 3^k	5.953 4^g	44.406 7^e	21.560 7^d
	J₃	2.483 3^h	1.100 0^f	4.843 6^h	50.430 0^a	26.460 0^a
	S₁	3.620 0^g	1.150 0^e	8.235 6^d	46.050 0^d	17.965 4^m
S	S₂	3.813 3^f	1.060 0^f	2.636 7^k	46.340 0^c	18.160 0^l
	S₃	4.070 0^c	1.330 0^c	2.760 0^j	48.320 0^b	18.936 6^j
	H₁	3.643 3^l	1.000 0^g	10.635 4^b	27.466 7^o	15.740 0^o
H	H₂	3.246 7^e	1.750 0^b	8.030 0^e	37.652 4^g	16.306 7ⁿ
	H₃	4.943 3^b	1.790 0^b	2.466 7^l	42.135 6^f	20.436 7^h
	CK	1.520 0^k	0.576 7^j	3.823 3ⁱ	30.462 7^l	18.673 3^k
	N₁	1.953 9^l	0.539 3^m	6.096 3^h	26.028 4^k	26.030 1^e
N	N₂	3.561 8^g	0.810 6^j	10.405 3^d	30.224 2ⁱ	27.093 0^d
	N₃	4.840 6^c	1.706 4^c	11.700 5^a	34.815 8^g	29.475 7^c
	T₁	3.511 9^h	0.496 7ⁿ	6.100 9^h	25.232 2^l	24.276 7^g
T	T₂	8.207 2^a	3.404 5^a	11.598 9^b	27.535 7^j	25.403 9^f
	T₃	3.423 5ⁱ	1.153 0^e	6.107 4^h	33.648 6^h	30.361 0^b
	J₁	1.506 9ⁿ	0.700 6^k	10.001 2^e	30.860 2ⁱ	25.326 7^f
J	J₂	1.706 9^m	0.499 5ⁿ	5.902 3ⁱ	40.728 3^e	26.428 6^e
	J₃	2.479 7^k	1.053 8^g	4.805 7^j	45.795 0^a	31.297 9^a
	S₁	3.538 6^g	1.113 7^f	3.704 5^l	41.652 7^d	22.464 5ⁱ
S	S₂	3.791 8^e	0.993 9^h	2.704 5^m	42.632 9^c	23.549 6^h
	S₃	3.999 8^d	1.303 4^d	8.199 1^f	44.225 8^b	24.766 5^g
	H₁	3.647 5^f	0.953 4ⁱ	2.398 8ⁿ	23.238 9ⁿ	20.554 3^k
H	H₂	3.112 8^j	1.702 7^c	7.990 0^g	32.942 9^h	21.734 0^j
	H₃	4.900 9^b	1.752 5^b	10.601 0^c	37.231 5^f	25.959 9^e
	CK	1.493 8^o	0.552 4^l	3.527 3^k	24.551 4^m	23.719 5^h

项目 Items	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
0~15 cm团聚体 0-15cm Aggregate	N组	组间	6 178.455	14	441.318	581 487.275	P <0.01
		组内	0.023	30	0.001
		总数	6 178.478	44
	T组	组间	5 698.224	14	407.016	225 831.039	P <0.01
		组内	0.054	30	0.002
		总数	5 698.279	44
	J组	组间	11 886.089	14	849.006	1 095 873.834	P <0.01
		组内	0.023	30	0.001
		总数	11 886.112	44
	S组	组间	13 158.986	14	939.928	1 990 539.751	P <0.01
		组内	0.014	30	0.000
		总数	13 159.000	44
	H组	组间	7 573.124	14	540.937	601 090.102	P <0.01
		组内	0.027	30	0.001
		总数	7 573.151	44
15~30 cm团聚体 15-30 cm Aggregate	N组	组间	6 957.772	14	496.984	26 993.571	P <0.01
		组内	0.554	30	0.018
		总数	6 958.325	44
	T组	组间	6 132.353	14	438.025	46 419.118	P <0.01
		组内	0.283	30	0.009
		总数	6 132.636	44
	J组	组间	11 099.450	14	792.818	89 759.660	P <0.01
		组内	0.265	30	0.009
		总数	11 099.715	44
	S组	组间	11 492.760	14	820.911	18 496.957	P <0.01
		组内	1.331	30	0.044
		总数	11 494.092	44
	H组	组间	6 549.796	14	467.843	4 589.134	P <0.01
		组内	3.058	30	0.102
		总数	6 552.854	44

项目 Items	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
株高 Height	N组	组间	7.209	2	3.604	885.126	P<0.01
		组内	0.024	6	0.004
		总数	7.233	8
	T组	组间	3.216	2	1.608	133.747	P<0.01
		组内	0.072	6	0.012
		总数	3.288	8
	J组	组间	1.006	2	0.503	11.897	P<0.01
		组内	0.254	6	0.042
		总数	1.260	8
	S组	组间	3.909	2	1.955	91.403	P<0.01
		组内	0.128	6	0.021
		总数	4.038	8
	H组	组间	2.556	2	1.278	192.297	P<0.01
		组内	0.040	6	0.007
		总数	2.596	8
茎粗 Stem diameter	N组	组间	0.126	2	0.063	9.486	P<0.01
		组内	0.040	6	0.007
		总数	0.165	8
	T组	组间	0.636	2	0.318	33.351	P<0.01
		组内	0.057	6	0.010
		总数	0.693	8
	J组	组间	1.035	2	14.056	58.179	P<0.01
		组内	0.053	6	0.009
		总数	1.088	8
	S组	组间	0.351	2	10.634	14.366	P<0.01
		组内	0.073	6	0.012
		总数	0.424	8
	H组	组间	0.077	2	0.039	10.854	P<0.01
		组内	0.021	6	0.004
		总数	0.099	8

项目 Items	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度Df Degree of freedom Df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
地上部鲜重 Fresh weight of aboveground parts	N组	组间	1.783	2	0.892	84.369	P<0.01
		组内	0.063	6	0.011
		总数	1.847	8
	T组	组间	1.501	2	0.750	265.371	P<0.01
		组内	0.017	6	0.003
		总数	1.517	8
	J组	组间	1.798	2	0.899	366.291	P<0.01
		组内	0.015	6	0.002
		总数	1.813	8
	S组	组间	1.839	2	0.920	244.646	P<0.01
		组内	0.023	6	0.004
		总数	1.862	8
	H组	组间	0.048	2	0.024	10.904	P<0.01
		组内	0.013	6	0.002
		总数	0.061	8
地下部鲜重 Fresh weight underground	N组	组间	0.015	2	0.008	25.967	P<0.01
		组内	0.002	6	0.000
		总数	0.017	8
	T组	组间	0.007	2	0.004	8.764	P<0.01
		组内	0.003	6	0.000
		总数	0.010	8
	J组	组间	0.018	2	0.009	60.731	P<0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.019	8
	S组	组间	0.017	2	0.009	107.762	P<0.01
		组内	0.001	6	0.000
		总数	0.018	8
	H组	组间	0.008	2	0.004	53.950	P<0.01
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.008	8

项目 Items	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度Df Degree of freedom Df	均方 Mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight	N组	组间	0.050	2	0.025	40.460	P<0.01
		组内	0.004	6	0.001
		总数	0.054	8
	T组	组间	0.039	2	0.020	43.216	P<0.01
		组内	0.003	6	0.000
		总数	0.042	8
	J组	组间	0.045	2	0.023	60.988	P<0.01
		组内	0.002	6	0.000
		总数	0.047	8
	S组	组间	0.131	2	0.066	219.056	P<0.01
		组内	0.002	6	0.000
		总数	0.133	8
	H组	组间	0.003	2	0.001	22.165	P<0.01
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.003	8
地下部干重 Underground dry weight	N组	组间	0.001	2	0.001	111.258	P<0.01
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.001	8
	T组	组间	0.001	2	0.000	64.440	P<0.01
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.001	8
	J组	组间	0.001	2	0.000	95.137	P<0.01
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.001	8
	S组	组间	0.000	2	0.000	86.916	P<0.01
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.000	8
	H组	组间	0.000	2	0.000	22.211	P<0.01
		组内	0.000	6	0.000
		总数	0.000	8

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