生物有机肥对枸杞品质及土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究在常规施肥基础上施用生物有机肥对土样养分、酶活性及枸杞品质的影响,为改善枸杞果实品质及提升枸杞园土壤肥力和土壤酶活性提供科学依据。【方法】以宁杞7号为材料,常规施肥为对照(CK)、常规施肥+单株施生物有机肥2 kg(T₁)、常规施肥+单株施生物有机肥4 kg(T₂)、常规施肥+单株施生物有机肥6 kg(T₃)和常规施肥+单株施生物有机肥8 kg(T₄)共设5个处理,通过田间试验对比分析不同施肥量下土壤肥力和土壤酶活性及枸杞果实品质差异。【结果】与常规施肥(CK)相比施用生物有机肥后土壤肥力和土壤酶活性得到显著提高,且差异显著(P<0.05),其中T₂、T₃处理土壤改良效果明显;施用生物有机肥后枸杞抗坏血酸、蛋白质、总糖、黄酮含量显著高于CK处理,其中T₃处理效果最佳,并较CK增加15.60%、89.33%、28.96%和41.67%;枸杞果实产量在初果期时T₂处理效果最佳,与CK处理相比增产31.81%,头茬果熟期和夏果盛期时T₃处理效果最佳,与CK相比增产109.47%、105.49%。【结论】生物有机肥在一定程度上可以改良土壤肥力提升土壤酶活性,且枸杞品质得到改善,其中在常规施肥基础上单株施生物有机肥6 kg效果最佳,对枸杞品质有明显的改善作用。

关键词: 生物有机肥; 枸杞; 土壤酶活性; 枸杞品质

Abstract:

【Objective】The study aims to explore the effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and quality of Lycium barbarum L.. Through field experiment, the effects of different fertilizer application on soil fertility and soil enzyme activity and fruit quality of Lycium barbarum L. were analyzed finally.【Methods】Taking Ningqi 7 as the experimental material, conventional fertilization was control (CK), conventional fertilization + bioorganic fertilizer 2 kg (T₁) per plant, There were five treatments: conventional fertilizer + biological organic fertilizer 4 kg (T₂) per plant, conventional fertilizer + biological organic fertilizer 6 kg (T₃) per plant and conventional fertilizer + biological organic fertilizer 8 kg (T₄) per plant. 【Results】Compared with conventional fertilization (CK), the soil fertility and soil enzyme activity were significantly increased after bio-organic fertilizer application (P < 0.05). The content of ascorbic acid, protein, total sugar and flavonoids in Lycium barbarum L. treated with bio-organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that treated in CK, and the effect of treatment T₃ was the best, which increased by 15.60%, 89.33%, 28.96% and 41.67% compared with that of CK. Compared with CK, the yield of Lycium barbarum L. was increased by 31.81% in treatment T₂ at the beginning of fruit stage, and the yield of Lycium barbarum L. was increased by 109.47% and 105.49% with treatment T₃ at the beginning of fruit stage and the peak of summer fruit stage. 【Conclusion】Bio-organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility and soil enzyme activity to a certain extent, and the quality of Lycium barbarum L., too. The effect of bio-organic fertilizer on the quality of Lycium barbarum L. is the best, which can significantly improve the quality of Lycium barbarum.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer; Chinese wolfberry; soil enzyme activity; wolfberry quality

中图分类号:

S567

司艳娥, 如克艳木·买提司地克, 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪, 杨琪峰. 生物有机肥对枸杞品质及土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 350-360.

SI Yane, Rukeyanmu Maitisidike, Aikebaier Yilahong, YANG Qifeng. Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on quality of Lycium barbarum L. and soil enzyme activity[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 350-360.

图/表 6

参考文献 41

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土层 Soil layers (cm)	养分含量Nutrient content
土层 Soil layers (cm)	pH值 pH value	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	碱解氮 Alkali- solceble nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~20	7.76	0.97	0.79	0.73	11.68	14.70	17.02	273.57
20~40	7.90	0.55	0.63	0.47	4.24	3.50	7.98	101.27

土层 Soil layers (cm)	养分含量Nutrient content
土层 Soil layers (cm)	pH值 pH value	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	碱解氮 Alkali- solceble nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~20	7.76	0.97	0.79	0.73	11.68	14.70	17.02	273.57
20~40	7.90	0.55	0.63	0.47	4.24	3.50	7.98	101.27

土层 Soil layers (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	养分含量Nutrient content
土层 Soil layers (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 Conductivity	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	碱解氮 Alkali- solceble nitrogen (mg/kg)
0~20 cm	CK	8.17±0.05^a	3.85±0.55^ab	12.93±0.23^b	0.43±0.02^b	1.82±0.03^c	4.77±0.13^d	38.32±0.36^c	191.90±2.73^d	22.17±0.69^c
	T₁	7.92±0.42^a	4.29±0.86^ab	14.19±1.3^b	0.38±0.04^b	1.61±0.05^d	5.78±0.17^bc	49.65±0.58^b	235.64±1.6^b	24.73±0.50^b
	T₂	8.07±0.10^a	1.80±0.04^b	17.29±0.58^a	0.57±0.01^a	2.14±0.06^b	6.36±0.10^ab	50.54±0.31^b	222.13±0.53^c	26.83±0.38^b
	T₃	7.69±0.24^a	2.15±0.36^b	19.33±0.35^a	0.54±0.02^a	2.65±0.04^a	6.53±0.29^a	56.02±0.45^a	275.84±3.18^a	29.63±0.76^a
	T₄	8.16±0.05^a	5.82±0.95^a	18.65±0.55^a	0.39±0.02^b	2.16±0.05^b	5.35±0.14^cd	39.21±0.45^c	242.39±1.6^b	20.77±0.76^c
20~40 cm	CK	8.07±0.04^a	4.60±0.09^a	10.08±0.03^bc	0.37±0.02^b	1.10±0.04^d	2.52±0.06^b	35.26±0.36^c	107.00±1.58^d	17.27±0.69^c
	T₁	7.73±0.30^ab	3.75±0.19^b	12.79±0.39^ab	0.37±0.01^b	1.32±0.03^c	2.67±0.22^b	36.92±1.33^c	144.95±1.31^c	23.8±0.87^b
	T₂	7.72±0.24^ab	1.74±0.11^c	14.56±0.43^a	0.54±0.03^a	1.38±0.03^c	3.18±0.03^b	44.69±1.44^b	161.35±1.31^b	21.93±0.50^b
	T₃	7.13±0.05^b	1.73±0.27^c	12.92±0.95^a	0.34±0.01^b	2.04±0.03^a	4.70±0.43^a	49.78±0.78^a	182.9±2.59^a	27.53±0.83^a
	T₄	8.39±0.12^a	3.44±0.02^b	9.84±0.91^c	0.31±0.01^b	1.63±0.04^b	2.65±0.01^b	34.25±0.21^c	138.84±2.41^c	16.33±0.83^c

土层 Soil layers (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	养分含量Nutrient content
土层 Soil layers (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 Conductivity	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	碱解氮 Alkali- solceble nitrogen (mg/kg)
0~20 cm	CK	8.17±0.05^a	3.85±0.55^ab	12.93±0.23^b	0.43±0.02^b	1.82±0.03^c	4.77±0.13^d	38.32±0.36^c	191.90±2.73^d	22.17±0.69^c
	T₁	7.92±0.42^a	4.29±0.86^ab	14.19±1.3^b	0.38±0.04^b	1.61±0.05^d	5.78±0.17^bc	49.65±0.58^b	235.64±1.6^b	24.73±0.50^b
	T₂	8.07±0.10^a	1.80±0.04^b	17.29±0.58^a	0.57±0.01^a	2.14±0.06^b	6.36±0.10^ab	50.54±0.31^b	222.13±0.53^c	26.83±0.38^b
	T₃	7.69±0.24^a	2.15±0.36^b	19.33±0.35^a	0.54±0.02^a	2.65±0.04^a	6.53±0.29^a	56.02±0.45^a	275.84±3.18^a	29.63±0.76^a
	T₄	8.16±0.05^a	5.82±0.95^a	18.65±0.55^a	0.39±0.02^b	2.16±0.05^b	5.35±0.14^cd	39.21±0.45^c	242.39±1.6^b	20.77±0.76^c
20~40 cm	CK	8.07±0.04^a	4.60±0.09^a	10.08±0.03^bc	0.37±0.02^b	1.10±0.04^d	2.52±0.06^b	35.26±0.36^c	107.00±1.58^d	17.27±0.69^c
	T₁	7.73±0.30^ab	3.75±0.19^b	12.79±0.39^ab	0.37±0.01^b	1.32±0.03^c	2.67±0.22^b	36.92±1.33^c	144.95±1.31^c	23.8±0.87^b
	T₂	7.72±0.24^ab	1.74±0.11^c	14.56±0.43^a	0.54±0.03^a	1.38±0.03^c	3.18±0.03^b	44.69±1.44^b	161.35±1.31^b	21.93±0.50^b
	T₃	7.13±0.05^b	1.73±0.27^c	12.92±0.95^a	0.34±0.01^b	2.04±0.03^a	4.70±0.43^a	49.78±0.78^a	182.9±2.59^a	27.53±0.83^a
	T₄	8.39±0.12^a	3.44±0.02^b	9.84±0.91^c	0.31±0.01^b	1.63±0.04^b	2.65±0.01^b	34.25±0.21^c	138.84±2.41^c	16.33±0.83^c

处理 Treatments	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	蛋白质 Protein (g/100g)	抗坏血酸 Ascorbic acid (mg/100g)	总糖 Total sugar (g/100g)	黄酮 Flavonids (%)
CK	0.45±0.01^c	1.33±0.05^cd	2.25±0.35^bc	63.33±0.67^c	19.89±0.03^c	0.12±0.02^ab
T₁	0.55±0.02^b	1.48±0.04^b	2.65±0.89^b	69.33±0.53^b	24.07±0.34^ab	0.10±0.03^b
T₂	0.71±0.02^a	1.68±0.04^a	2.48±0.23^bc	64.23±0.66^c	23.03±0.67^b	0.15±0.03^ab
T₃	0.55±0.03^b	1.42±0.01^bc	4.26±0.61^a	73.21±1.03^a	25.66±0.06^a	0.17±0.00^a
T₄	0.49±0.03^bc	1.46±0.01^b	1.03±0.14^c	63.75±0.73^c	25.04±0.21^a	0.16±0.01^ab