减压二氧化硫(SO2)熏蒸对新疆杏干中印度谷螟发生的控制

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 688-695.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.018

减压二氧化硫(SO₂)熏蒸对新疆杏干中印度谷螟发生的控制

张浩¹^,²(), 张政²^,³, 袁宇尧²^,³, 王成炜¹^,², 赵振宇¹^,², 魏佳²^,³(), 吴斌²^,³()

1.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农产品加工与保鲜重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-08-21 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 吴斌(1973-),男,新疆人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为农产品贮藏与加工,(E-mail) xjuwubin0320@sina.com;
魏佳(1981-),女,新疆人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为应用化学,(E-mail) jwei_xaas@sina.com
作者简介:张浩(1996-),男,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农产品贮藏与加工,(E-mail) 1940229586@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U2003213);新疆维吾尔自治区科技创新领军人才项目一高层次领军人才(2022TSYCLJ0040);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02026);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2023003)

Control of Plodia interpunctella by hypobaric treatment combined with sulfur dioxide (SO₂) fumigation on dried apricot

ZHANG Hao¹^,²(), ZHANG Zhen²^,³, YUAN Yuyao²^,³, WANG Chengwei¹^,², ZHAO Zhengyu¹^,², WEI Jia²^,³(), WU Bin²^,³()

1. College of Food Sciences and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Preservation, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-08-21 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2003213);Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“A High-level Leading Talents”(2022TSYCLJ0040);Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02026);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Stability Special Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkywdzc-2023003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】保持新疆杏干贮运品质和提高加工过程中的食品安全性,减少杏干虫害发生及产业经济损失。【方法】采用减压二氧化硫(Sulfur dioxide, SO₂)熏蒸方式,筛选不同SO₂浓度(250、500和1 000 μL/L)熏蒸效率,评价6种C×T值(0、2 000、4 000、6 000、8 000和10 000 μL/(L·h))对杏干中印度谷螟虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的控制效果及果实品质变化。通过控制虫害的发生,以减少SO₂残留,降低杏干产后损失。【结果】当C×T值达到10 000 μL/(L·h)时,不同生命阶段的印度谷螟死亡率均达到100%。印度谷螟对减压SO₂熏蒸致死敏感性为成虫>卵>蛹>幼虫。减压SO₂熏蒸不仅可以降低SO₂残留,提高市场销售和加工过程中的食品安全性,还可以显著保持杏干的感官品质。【结论】减压SO₂熏蒸在防控由印度谷螟导致的虫害发生,减少果实中SO₂残留方面具有很好的应用前景。

关键词: 减压; SO₂熏蒸; 印度谷螟; C×T值; 杏干

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to enhance the storage and transportation quality of Xinjiang dried apricots, thus ensuring food safety during processing and minimizing losses from insect pests and economic losses in the industry by applying hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation to manage insect pests in order to reduce SO₂ residues and mitigate storage losses of dried apricots.【Methods】The efficacy of hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation was evaluated using different SO₂ concentrations (250, 500, 1000 μL/L) and six C×T values (0, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000 μL/(L·h)). The control effects on eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of Plodia interpunctella in dried apricots were evaluated, along with changes in dried apricots quality.【Results】When the C×T value reached to 10,000 μL/(L·h), the mortality rate of Plodia interpunctella in different life stages reached 100%. Analysis of LT₅₀and LT₉₅ values revealed the sensitivity order to hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation: adult > egg > pupa > larva. This method effectively reduced SO₂ residues, improved food safety, and maintained sensory quality of dried apricots.【Conclusion】Hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation shows promise in preventing and controlling Plodia interpunctella infestations and reducing SO₂ residues in dried apricots.

Key words: hypobaric; SO₂fumigation; Plodia interpunctella; C×T value; dried apricots

中图分类号:

S377

张浩, 张政, 袁宇尧, 王成炜, 赵振宇, 魏佳, 吴斌. 减压二氧化硫(SO₂)熏蒸对新疆杏干中印度谷螟发生的控制[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 688-695.

ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Zhen, YUAN Yuyao, WANG Chengwei, ZHAO Zhengyu, WEI Jia, WU Bin. Control of Plodia interpunctella by hypobaric treatment combined with sulfur dioxide (SO₂) fumigation on dried apricot[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 688-695.

图/表 6

参考文献 33

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C×T (μL/(L·h))	C (μL/L)	T (h)	印度谷螟死亡率(%平均值±标准误) Mortality of Plodia interpunctella (% mean ± standard error)
C×T (μL/(L·h))	C (μL/L)	T (h)	卵	幼虫	蛹	成虫
CK	0	40	2.50±1.44	0.00±0.00	1.67±0.83	0.00±0.00
减压20 kPa	0	40	7.50±2.50	0.00±0.00	5.83±1.44	9.17±1.44
2 000	250	8	24.17±2.20^e	11.67±0.83^e	25.00±1.44^d	32.50±2.89^d
4 000	250	16	44.17±1.67^d	29.17±2.20^d	55.83±3.63^c	71.67±0.83^c
6 000	250	24	81.67±2.20^c	60.83±3.00^c	93.33±0.83^b	93.33±1.67^b
8 000	250	32	92.50±2.50^b	76.67±2.20^b	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a
10 000	250	40	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a
2 000	500	4	19.17±2.20^d	10.00±1.44^e	18.33±2.20^e	25.83±0.83^c
4 000	500	8	45.00±1.44^c	20.83±2.20^d	34.17±2.20^d	57.50±5.20^b
6 000	500	12	84.17±0.83^b	56.67±2.20^c	72.50±2.50^c	92.50±1.44^a
8 000	500	16	100.00±0.00^a	74.17±3.00^b	90.83±3.63^b	100.00±0.00^a
10 000	500	20	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a
2 000	1000	2	28.34±2.20^d	17.50±1.44^e	24.17±1.67^e	44.17±2.20^c
4 000	1 000	4	64.17±1.67^c	32.50±2.50^d	51.67±2.20^d	84.17±0.83^b
6 000	1 000	6	92.50±2.89^b	65.83±3.00^c	82.50±2.89^c	100.00±0.00^a
8 000	1 000	8	100.00±0.00^a	79.17±2.20^b	95.00±1.44^b	100.00±0.00^a
10 000	10 00	10	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a

C×T (μL/(L·h))	C (μL/L)	T (h)	印度谷螟死亡率(%平均值±标准误) Mortality of Plodia interpunctella (% mean ± standard error)
C×T (μL/(L·h))	C (μL/L)	T (h)	卵	幼虫	蛹	成虫
CK	0	40	2.50±1.44	0.00±0.00	1.67±0.83	0.00±0.00
减压20 kPa	0	40	7.50±2.50	0.00±0.00	5.83±1.44	9.17±1.44
2 000	250	8	24.17±2.20^e	11.67±0.83^e	25.00±1.44^d	32.50±2.89^d
4 000	250	16	44.17±1.67^d	29.17±2.20^d	55.83±3.63^c	71.67±0.83^c
6 000	250	24	81.67±2.20^c	60.83±3.00^c	93.33±0.83^b	93.33±1.67^b
8 000	250	32	92.50±2.50^b	76.67±2.20^b	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a
10 000	250	40	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a
2 000	500	4	19.17±2.20^d	10.00±1.44^e	18.33±2.20^e	25.83±0.83^c
4 000	500	8	45.00±1.44^c	20.83±2.20^d	34.17±2.20^d	57.50±5.20^b
6 000	500	12	84.17±0.83^b	56.67±2.20^c	72.50±2.50^c	92.50±1.44^a
8 000	500	16	100.00±0.00^a	74.17±3.00^b	90.83±3.63^b	100.00±0.00^a
10 000	500	20	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a
2 000	1000	2	28.34±2.20^d	17.50±1.44^e	24.17±1.67^e	44.17±2.20^c
4 000	1 000	4	64.17±1.67^c	32.50±2.50^d	51.67±2.20^d	84.17±0.83^b
6 000	1 000	6	92.50±2.89^b	65.83±3.00^c	82.50±2.89^c	100.00±0.00^a
8 000	1 000	8	100.00±0.00^a	79.17±2.20^b	95.00±1.44^b	100.00±0.00^a
10 000	10 00	10	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a	100.00±0.00^a

项目 Item	分数Fraction
项目 Item	1-很差 1-Very poor	2-差 2-Poor	3-一般 3-General	4-好 4-Good	5-很好 5-Very good
表观 Apparant	黑色,色泽不均匀,有坏斑,形状不规则,干缩变形严重	深褐色,色泽暗淡,不均匀,表面不平整,皱缩较严重	深褐色,色泽较暗,稍有不均匀,表面较平整,有一定皱缩	红褐色,色泽明亮,较均匀,表面较平整,较饱满	果实饱满、均匀,色泽明亮且为杏黄色,外观完整,无破损,无霉变
风味 Local flavour	无杏香味,有异味	杏香味寡淡,过甜或过酸或基本无味	杏固有香味略淡,酸度高,无异味	具有杏固有的香味,酸度略高,无异味	具有杏干固有甜香味,略带酸味,无异味
口感 Savory	组织糜烂,果肉质地很硬,非常干,难咀嚼	质地疏松,硬、干,肉与核粘连严重,较难咀嚼	质地较疏松,较软或较硬,肉与核粘连,不易咀嚼	组织较为致密,质地稍软或稍硬,咀嚼性较好	果肉柔软,组织致密,与核易分离,咀嚼性好
总体 Population	十分不喜欢	不喜欢	一般喜欢	比较喜欢	非常喜欢

项目 Item	分数Fraction
项目 Item	1-很差 1-Very poor	2-差 2-Poor	3-一般 3-General	4-好 4-Good	5-很好 5-Very good
表观 Apparant	黑色,色泽不均匀,有坏斑,形状不规则,干缩变形严重	深褐色,色泽暗淡,不均匀,表面不平整,皱缩较严重	深褐色,色泽较暗,稍有不均匀,表面较平整,有一定皱缩	红褐色,色泽明亮,较均匀,表面较平整,较饱满	果实饱满、均匀,色泽明亮且为杏黄色,外观完整,无破损,无霉变
风味 Local flavour	无杏香味,有异味	杏香味寡淡,过甜或过酸或基本无味	杏固有香味略淡,酸度高,无异味	具有杏固有的香味,酸度略高,无异味	具有杏干固有甜香味,略带酸味,无异味
口感 Savory	组织糜烂,果肉质地很硬,非常干,难咀嚼	质地疏松,硬、干,肉与核粘连严重,较难咀嚼	质地较疏松,较软或较硬,肉与核粘连,不易咀嚼	组织较为致密,质地稍软或稍硬,咀嚼性较好	果肉柔软,组织致密,与核易分离,咀嚼性好
总体 Population	十分不喜欢	不喜欢	一般喜欢	比较喜欢	非常喜欢

减压SO₂ 熏蒸浓度 Hypobaric SO₂ Fumigation concentration (μL/L)	印度谷螟生命阶段 Plodia interpunctella life stage			置信区间 Confidence interval (h)
				LT₅₀				LT₉₅
				下限		上限		下限		上限
250	卵	14.08	37.21		12.33		15.75		31.62		46.79
	幼虫	19.13	48.61		16.95		21.35		40.48		63.89
	蛹	15.80	41.72		13.98		17.58		35.39		52.62
	成虫	10.70	25.25		9.73		11.61		22.73		28.84
500	卵	7.07	15.73		6.27		7.86		13.61		19.27
	幼虫	10.30	24.84		8.99		11.68		20.25		34.54
	蛹	8.08	20.29		7.02		9.11		16.92		26.59
	成虫	6.11	13.83		5.43		6.76		12.08		16.65
1 000	卵	2.90	6.68		2.65		3.12		6.03		7.60
	幼虫	4.38	12.24		3.80		4.95		9.97		16.75
	蛹	3.36	8.64		3.07		3.62		7.74		9.93
	成虫	2.21	4.84		1.99		2.41		4.35		5.59

减压二氧化硫(SO₂)熏蒸对新疆杏干中印度谷螟发生的控制

Control of Plodia interpunctella by hypobaric treatment combined with sulfur dioxide (SO₂) fumigation on dried apricot

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Metrics

贮藏时间 Storage time (d)		0	15	30	45	60	75	90
处理组 Treatment group	减压SO₂ 250 μL/L	50.33±1.53^a	39.47±1.85^a	32.00±1.92^a	25.67±1.53^a	20.91±1.61^a	14.45±1.27^a	10.53±1.29^a
	减压SO₂ 500 μL/L	46.33±2.08^a	32.67±2.28^a	25.39±0.98^b	19.00±1.00^b	16.37±1.39^b	12.67±1.53^b	8.32±1.69^ab
	减压SO₂ 1 000 μL/L	43.00±3.36^b	29.93±1.96^b	22.19±1.61^c	16.19±1.61^c	12.17±1.59^c	8.79±2.10^b	6.03±0.64^b

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