淀粉胶枣木基炭缓释肥的制备及缓释性能分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.028

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 2315-2322.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.028

• 植物保护·微生物·畜牧兽医·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

淀粉胶枣木基炭缓释肥的制备及缓释性能分析

赵苏亚¹^,²^,³(), 杨艳爱², 周岭¹^,⁴, 吕喜风¹^,²^,³, 姚江², 卢亚玲²^,³^,⁵()

1.新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木大学化学化工学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
3.新疆兵团南疆化工资源利用工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
4.塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
5.北京化工大学有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室,北京 100029

收稿日期:2024-02-28 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-10-09
通信作者: 卢亚玲(1984-),女,副教授,博士,研究方向为生物化工,(E-mail)skyling019@163.com
作者简介:赵苏亚(1992-),女,河南人,讲师,硕士,研究方向为生物质复合材料,(E-mail)1520025525@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32360803);新疆维吾尔自治区普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室开放课题(TDNG2021202);有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室开放课题(oic-202201012);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKSS202003);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKCX202302);大学生创新创业训练计划(2023072)

Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis

ZHAO Suya¹^,²^,³(), YANG Yanai², ZHOU Ling¹^,⁴, LYU Xifeng¹^,²^,³, YAO Jiang², LU Yaling²^,³^,⁵()

1. Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aral Xinjiang 843300,China
2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
3. Laboratory of Chemical Resource Utilization Engineering in Southern Xinjiang, XPCC, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
4. School of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
5. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2024-02-28 Published:2024-09-20 Online:2024-10-09
Supported by:
Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360803);Open Project of Key Laboratories of Colleges &Universities under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(TDNG2021202);Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites(oic-202201012);President Fund of Tarim University(TDZKSS202003);President Fund of Tarim University(TDZKCX202302);College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project(2023072)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究淀粉胶枣木基炭缓释肥的制备及缓释性能。【方法】以枣木炭基为载体、自制改性淀粉为胶黏剂、尿素为肥料,在自制成型模具上制造出枣木炭基缓释肥,研究5个因素(即水分加入量、成型温度、成型压力、炭肥比以及胶粘剂加入量)等对缓释肥抗压性能和缓释性能的影响,优化缓释肥成型的工艺参数、缓释性能以及机械性能。【结果】在7 kN的成型压力、20%的含水量、60℃的成型温度,对纯炭粉体的成形与抗压性能有较好的影响;将尿素与炭粉混合后成型,可以提高颗粒的强度,相同成肥情况下,枣木炭和尿素比例为4:1时,此时颗粒的抗压强度最高,而胶粘剂比例为4%时,颗粒的抗压强度最高。【结论】采用不同比例配制得的缓释肥,与传统相比,其对氮的积累释放率都较好,且以4%的胶黏剂添加用量为佳。与纯尿素肥料相比,所制备的缓释肥颗粒具有较好的抗压能力,可以有效地改善缓释性能。

关键词: 枣木炭; 尿素; 缓释肥料; 抗压性能; 缓释特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis. 【Methods】 In this work, jujube charcoal as the carrier, modified starch as the adhesive and urea as the active component and they were employed to prepare jujube charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer by changing the factors, such as the amount of water content, the molding temperature, the molding pressure, the carbon fertilizer ratio and the adding amount of adhesive, and after that the influence of these factors on the compressive and slow-release properties of the slow-release fertilizer were explored. 【Results】 The experimental results showed that when the forming pressure was 7 kN, the water content was 20% and the forming temperature was 60 ^oC, the forming and compressive properties of pure carbon powder were better. Under the same conditions of fertilizer formation, when the ratio of charcoal to urea was 4∶1 and the ratio of adhesive was 4%, the jujube particles had the highest compressive strength. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional slow-release fertilizer, the prepared slow-release fertilizer had better nitrogen accumulation and release rate when the amount of adhesive added was 4%. Compared with pure urea fertilizer, the jujube charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer particles prepared in this work have better compression resistance which can effectively improve its slow-release performance.

Key words: jujube charcoal; urea; slow-release fertilizer; compressive performance; slow-release performance

中图分类号:

赵苏亚, 杨艳爱, 周岭, 吕喜风, 姚江, 卢亚玲. 淀粉胶枣木基炭缓释肥的制备及缓释性能分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2315-2322.

ZHAO Suya, YANG Yanai, ZHOU Ling, LYU Xifeng, YAO Jiang, LU Yaling. Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2315-2322.

图/表 4

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试验参数 Experimental parameters	取值范围 Value range
含水量 Moisture content (%)	10~30 (10、15、20、25、30)
成型温度 Molding temperature (℃)	40~80 (40、50、60、70、80)
炭与尿素的比例 Ratio of charcoal to urea (%)	1∶1~5∶1 (5∶1、4∶1、3∶1、2∶1、1∶1)
胶黏剂添加量 Amount of adhesive added (%)	1%~5% (1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)
成型压力 Forming pressure (kN)	1~9 (1、3、5、7、9)

试验参数 Experimental parameters	取值范围 Value range
含水量 Moisture content (%)	10~30 (10、15、20、25、30)
成型温度 Molding temperature (℃)	40~80 (40、50、60、70、80)
炭与尿素的比例 Ratio of charcoal to urea (%)	1∶1~5∶1 (5∶1、4∶1、3∶1、2∶1、1∶1)
胶黏剂添加量 Amount of adhesive added (%)	1%~5% (1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)
成型压力 Forming pressure (kN)	1~9 (1、3、5、7、9)

成型因素 Influence Factors		淋溶次数Leaching times
成型因素 Influence Factors		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
尿素 (对照)Urea	1 g	73.2^a	28.7^a
	5 g	64.3^b	35.4^b
	10 g	63.2^b	39.1^c
成型压力 Molding pressure	1 kN	30.3^d	42.9^a	2.1^c	0.0^c
	3 kN	41.6^c	23.0^b	2.5^c	0.0^c
	5 kN	48.2^b	15.2^c	4.3^a	1.1^b
	7 kN	50.6^ab	15.1^cd	4.3^a	2.1^a
	9 kN	51.8^a	13.1^d	3.6^b	2.1^a
炭肥比 Ratio of charcoal to urea	5∶1	15.2^e	21.3^d	17.1^c	14.8^b	4.8^c	0.0^b
	4∶1	18.1^d	25.2^c	24.7^a	15.8^b	12.5^a	4.2^a
	3∶1	20.8^c	33.1^b	19.2^b	18.6^a	8.7^b	0.0^b
	2∶1	23.2^b	36.3^a	17.1^c	18.2^a	5.6^d	0.0^b
	1∶1	42.9^a	33.0^b	13.7^d	8.5^c	2.5^e	0.0^b
温度 Temperature	40℃	32.2^d	25.5^b	11.5^b	0.0^d
	50℃	37.3^c	20.9^c	9.3^c	0.0^d
	60℃	47.1^b	28.9^a	15.0^a	9.5^a
	70℃	50.5^a	25.0^b	11.5^b	6.8^b
	80℃	51.6^a	25.0^b	9.3^c	4.7^c
水分 Water content	10%	20.3^b	31.3^b	22.7^a	10.8^b	6.9^c	2.6^a	1.2^a
	15%	15.1^c	25.2^c	24.7^a	11.8^b	8.5^a	2.2^b	0.0^b
	20%	16.8^c	38.1^a	19.2^b	20.6^a	8.7^a	0.0^c	0.0^b
	25%	23.3^a	39.0^a	17.1^b	21.2^a	7.6^b	0.0^c	0.0^b
	30%	22.9^a	31.0^b	13.8^c	8.5^c	2.5^d	0.0^c	0.0^b
胶粘剂添加量 Binder content	1%	53.4^a	25.3^a	13.2^d	5.9^d	5.9^d	3.3^e	0.0^e
	2%	49.8^b	18.6^d	19.8^a	4.9^e	4.9^e	4.2^d	2.8^d
	3%	42.2^c	21.4^c	16.1^b	9.4^b	9.4^b	8.1^a	3.7^c
	4%	37.0^d	22.9^b	15.0^c	11.5^a	11.5^a	7.5^b	6.8^a
	5%	41.6^c	25.0^a	15.9^cd	8.4^c	8.4^c	5.8^c	4.7^b

成型因素 Influence Factors		淋溶次数Leaching times
成型因素 Influence Factors		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
尿素 (对照)Urea	1 g	73.2^a	28.7^a
	5 g	64.3^b	35.4^b
	10 g	63.2^b	39.1^c
成型压力 Molding pressure	1 kN	30.3^d	42.9^a	2.1^c	0.0^c
	3 kN	41.6^c	23.0^b	2.5^c	0.0^c
	5 kN	48.2^b	15.2^c	4.3^a	1.1^b
	7 kN	50.6^ab	15.1^cd	4.3^a	2.1^a
	9 kN	51.8^a	13.1^d	3.6^b	2.1^a
炭肥比 Ratio of charcoal to urea	5∶1	15.2^e	21.3^d	17.1^c	14.8^b	4.8^c	0.0^b
	4∶1	18.1^d	25.2^c	24.7^a	15.8^b	12.5^a	4.2^a
	3∶1	20.8^c	33.1^b	19.2^b	18.6^a	8.7^b	0.0^b
	2∶1	23.2^b	36.3^a	17.1^c	18.2^a	5.6^d	0.0^b
	1∶1	42.9^a	33.0^b	13.7^d	8.5^c	2.5^e	0.0^b
温度 Temperature	40℃	32.2^d	25.5^b	11.5^b	0.0^d
	50℃	37.3^c	20.9^c	9.3^c	0.0^d
	60℃	47.1^b	28.9^a	15.0^a	9.5^a
	70℃	50.5^a	25.0^b	11.5^b	6.8^b
	80℃	51.6^a	25.0^b	9.3^c	4.7^c
水分 Water content	10%	20.3^b	31.3^b	22.7^a	10.8^b	6.9^c	2.6^a	1.2^a
	15%	15.1^c	25.2^c	24.7^a	11.8^b	8.5^a	2.2^b	0.0^b
	20%	16.8^c	38.1^a	19.2^b	20.6^a	8.7^a	0.0^c	0.0^b
	25%	23.3^a	39.0^a	17.1^b	21.2^a	7.6^b	0.0^c	0.0^b
	30%	22.9^a	31.0^b	13.8^c	8.5^c	2.5^d	0.0^c	0.0^b
胶粘剂添加量 Binder content	1%	53.4^a	25.3^a	13.2^d	5.9^d	5.9^d	3.3^e	0.0^e
	2%	49.8^b	18.6^d	19.8^a	4.9^e	4.9^e	4.2^d	2.8^d
	3%	42.2^c	21.4^c	16.1^b	9.4^b	9.4^b	8.1^a	3.7^c
	4%	37.0^d	22.9^b	15.0^c	11.5^a	11.5^a	7.5^b	6.8^a
	5%	41.6^c	25.0^a	15.9^cd	8.4^c	8.4^c	5.8^c	4.7^b

淀粉胶枣木基炭缓释肥的制备及缓释性能分析

Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis

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