两种沙棘钻蛀性害虫发生与危害分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1454-1460.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.019

• 植物保护•土壤肥料•节水灌溉 • 上一篇下一篇

两种沙棘钻蛀性害虫发生与危害分析

李欣¹(), 阿地力·沙塔尔¹(), 李子昂¹, 金玉杰¹, 白先古丽·托合托尔巴依¹, 毛文斌²

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830000
2.新疆乌鲁木齐县绿化管理站,乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-08-08
通信作者: 阿地力·沙塔尔(1968-),男,新疆莎车人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为林业有害生物监测与防控,(E-mail)adl1968@126.com
作者简介:李欣(1999-),女,新疆伊犁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林保护学,(E-mail)2906211613@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区林业有害生物防治和检疫局科技专项资金项目“沙棘主要害虫发生规律及防治技术研究”

Occurrence and damage of two kinds of Hippophae rhamnoide pests

LI Xin¹(), Adil Sattar¹(), LI Ziang¹, JIN Yujie¹, Baixianguli Tuohetuoerbayi¹, MAO Wenbin²

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Urumqi County Greening Management Station, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-10-09 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-08-08
Correspondence author: Adili Shataer (1968-), male, from Shache, Xinjiang, Ph.D.,professor and doctoral supervisor,research direction: pest monitoring and control in forestry,(E-mail)adl1968@126.com
Supported by:
The Science and Technology Special Fund Project of Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Research on Occurrence Regularity and Control Technology of Main Pests of Hippophae rhamnoides”

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆阿合奇县、乌鲁木齐县大面积沙棘树势衰弱、干枯死亡的原因,为有效控制沙棘病虫危害提供理论依据。【方法】采用标准地调查法调查沙棘林虫情,鉴定发生病虫害的种类,并通过解剖被害沙棘,确定其特性,采用踏查方法分析其产卵位置。【结果】阿合奇县沙棘林由芳香木蠹蛾、沙柳木蠹蛾共同危害,乌鲁木齐县沙棘林由芳香木蠹蛾危害而树势衰弱,干枯死亡。其中芳香木蠹蛾在阿合奇县和乌鲁木齐发生严重,综合有虫株率达52.25%,其中阿合奇县芳香木蠹蛾有虫株率达62.40%,虫口密度达24.62头/株,单株最高达85头;乌鲁木齐县芳香木蠹蛾有虫株率达42.10%,虫口密度达100.62头/株,单株最高达288头。卵块在沙棘树干91~150 cm上分布数量最多,占卵块总数的54.10%;当年生幼虫在沙棘树干31~60 cm位置分布数量最多,占总虫数的31.05%;且当树干高度超过180 cm时,卵块及当年生幼虫分布数量急剧减少甚至不分布。非当年生幼虫在沙棘根部分布数量最高,达423头,占总虫数的45.58%,且其数量在树高120 cm范围内随树干高度的增加呈递减趋势。【结论】新疆阿合奇县、乌鲁木齐县沙棘干枯死亡是芳香木蠹蛾、沙柳木蠹蛾危害所致,而芳香木蠹蛾严重发生。芳香木蠹蛾卵的孵化期及初孵幼虫初钻蛀树皮危害时期是药剂防治的最佳时期,可喷洒在沙棘干部31~150 cm位置。

关键词: 沙棘; 木蠹蛾; 虫情调查; 危害特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to clarify the cause of the weak and dry death of a large area of Hippophae rhamnoides trees in Aheqi County of Xinjiang and Urumqi County, the investigation of Hippophae rhamnoides forests in two places was carried out in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the effective control of sea-buckthorn pests and diseases. 【Methods】 The standard survey method was used to investigate the situation of Hippophae rhamnoides forest and identify the species of diseases and insect pests.The damaged Hippophae rhamnoides was dissected to determine its harm characteristics and its spawning position was investigated by means of foot survey. 【Results】 Hippophae rhamnoides forest in Aheqi County was harmed by the Cossus cossus (Linne) and the Holcocerus Arenicola (Staudinger), and the Hippophae rhamnoides forest in Urumqi County was harmed by the Cossus cossus (Linne), which caused a large area of Hippophae rhamnoides tree weakness, dry death.In Aheqi County and Urumchi County, the occurrence rate of Cossus cossus (Linne) was 52.25%.In Aheqi County, the occurrence rate of Cossus cossus (Linne) was 62.40%, and the population density was 24.62 per plant, with the highest number of 85 per plant.In Urumqi county, the infestation rate of aromatic Cossus cossus (Linne) was 42.10%, the infestation density was 100.62 per infestation, and the single infestation was up to 288.The number of egg blocks in the position of 91~150 cm of Hippophae rhamnoides trunk was the largest, accounting for 54.10% of the total number of egg blocks.The larva of the current year distributed most in the position of 31~60 cm of Hippophae rhamnoides trunk, accounting for 31.05% of the total number of larvae.When the height of the trunk was more than 180 cm, the number of egg blocks and larvae in the current year decreased sharply or even did not distribute.The number of out-of-year larvae in the root of Hippophae rhamnoides was the highest (423, accounting for 45.58% of the total number), and their number decreased with the increase of trunk height within 120 cm. 【Conclusion】 The dry death of Hippophae rhamnoides in Aheqi County and Urumqi County of Xinjiang was caused by the harm of Cossus cossus (Linne) and Holcocerus Arenicola (Staudinger), and Cossus cossus (Linne) has been serious.The best time for chemical control is the incubation period of the eggs and the period when the newly hatched larvae first drill into the bark, which can be sprayed at the position of 31~150 cm in the cadre of Hippophae rhamnoides.

Key words: Hippophae rhamnoides; cossidae; insect situation investigation; hazard characteristic

中图分类号:

S433

李欣, 阿地力·沙塔尔, 李子昂, 金玉杰, 白先古丽·托合托尔巴依, 毛文斌. 两种沙棘钻蛀性害虫发生与危害分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1454-1460.

LI Xin, Adil Sattar, LI Ziang, JIN Yujie, Baixianguli Tuohetuoerbayi, MAO Wenbin. Occurrence and damage of two kinds of Hippophae rhamnoide pests[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1454-1460.

图/表 8

图1 沙柳木蠹蛾(a、b)、芳香木蠹蛾(c、d)形态特征

Fig.1 Morphological characteristics of Holcocerus Arenicola (Staudinger) (a、b) and Cossus cossus (Linne)(c、d)

图2 芳香木蠹蛾、沙柳木蠹蛾危害特征注:a.b.树皮裂缝、伤痕处卵块;c.初孵幼虫钻蛀到树皮下危害;d.芳香木蠹蛾老熟幼虫在沙棘根部危害;e.芳香木蠹蛾老熟幼虫在沙棘干部危害;f.g.沙柳木蠹蛾在沙棘干部危害;h.被害沙棘横截面虫道;i.被害沙棘纵截面虫道;j.k.芳香木蠹蛾新鲜虫粪及老虫粪;l.被害沙棘枯死

Fig.2 Hazard characteristics of Cossus cossus (Linne) and Holcocerus Arenicola (Staudinger) Note:a.b.Egg clumps in cracks or bruises on bark; c.Hazard of the hatchlings burrowing under the bark; d.Damage to the roots of Hippophae rhamnoides L.by the mature larvae of the Cossus cossus (Linne); e.Harm of the old mature larvae of the Cossus cossus (Linne) in the cadre of Hippophae rhamnoides L.; f.g.Holcocerus Arenicola (Staudinger) is a hazard in Hippophae rhamnoides L.cadres; h.Cross section of the insect tract of infested Hippophae rhamnoides L.; i.Longitudinal section of the insect tract of damaged Hippophae rhamnoides L.; j.k.Fresh and old dung of the Cossus cossus (Linne); l.Damaged Hippophae rhamnoides L.withered and died

表1 阿合奇县和乌鲁木齐县芳香木蠹蛾虫情调查

Tab.1 Survey on Cossus cossus (Linne)'s infestation in Aheqi County and Urumqi County

地区 Region	调查株数(株) Plant number investigated (plant)		被害株数(株) Number of killed plants(plant)	有虫株率 Infestation rate (%)	虫口密度 (头/株) Mouth density (head/plant)	单株最高(头) Highest per plant (head)
阿合奇县 Aheqi county	沙棘	2 452	1 530	62.40	24.62	85
乌鲁木齐县 Urumqi County	沙棘	682	287	42.10	100.62	288
乌鲁木齐县 Urumqi County	榆树	337	72	21.40	-	-

表2 卵块和当年生幼虫在沙棘根部和干部的分布及数量

Tab.2 Distribution position and number of egg mass and current larvae in the root and cadre of Hippophae rhamnoides

项目 Items		分布区段Distribution area(cm)
项目 Items		根部 Root of the thigh	0~30	31~60	61~90	91~120	121~150	151~180	181~210
虫态 Insect state	每株卵块(个)	0	7	8	8	16	17	4	1
虫态 Insect state	当年生幼虫(只)	39	261	665	456	203	448	70	0
百分率 The percentage(%)	卵块	0.00	11.48	13.11	13.11	26.23	27.87	6.56	1.64
百分率 The percentage(%)	当年生幼虫	1.82	12.18	31.05	21.29	9.48	20.92	3.27	0.00

图3 芳香木蠹蛾卵块在主干上的分布

Fig.3 Distribution of egg mass on the main stem of Cossus cossus (Linne)

图4 芳香木蠹蛾当年生幼虫在主干上的分布

Fig.4 Distribution of current larvae on the main stem of Cossus cossus (Linne)

表3 非当年生幼虫在沙棘根部及干部的分布位置及数量

Tab.3 Distribution position and number of non-current larvae in the root and cadre of Hippophae rhamnoides

项目 Items	分布区段Distribution area(cm)
项目 Items	根部 Root of the thigh	0~30	31~60	61~90	91~120	121~150	151~180	181~210
非当年生幼虫(只) Non-current year larvae(bird)	423	355	108	18	1	22	0	1
百分率 The percentage(%)	45.58	38.25	11.64	1.94	0.11	2.37	0.00	0.11

图5 芳香木蠹蛾幼虫在根部及枝干上的分布

Fig.5 Distribution of larva on roots and branches of Cossus cossus (Linne)

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两种沙棘钻蛀性害虫发生与危害分析

Occurrence and damage of two kinds of Hippophae rhamnoide pests

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