Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study is to determine the dynamic changes of seed vigor of spring wheat 31 with different maturity in the process of storage, which was the main cultivated varieties of Xinjiang spring wheat.【Method】Under the condition of 100% relative humidity and 45℃, the seeds,which were harvested for 15 d, 25 d and 35 d respectively, treated with artificial accelerated aging and the temperature of germination test,the processing time was respectively 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 d. The physical indexes were measured with the three maturity seed before germination, such as length, width, thickness and weight, the seed vigor index were measured in the process of germinating, including the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight and dry weight, and then the influence of different maturity and aging time on seed vigor of spring wheat was analyzed.【Result】The results showed that there was significant difference in grain length with different maturity and the difference of 1000 grain weight and grain moisture content was extremely significant; At the same maturity, when the aging time prolonged, the relative vigor indexes of seeds showed the trend of decreasing at first and then decreasing sharply. The inflection point appeared in the aging 4 d, and the difference reached a significant level between the treatments. The difference of the above vigor indexes in maturity reached a very significant level and the performance was 35 d after flowering > 25 d >15 d. The stepwise regression analysis method was used to establish the equation between growth index and seed vigor, the equation of which had high goodness of fit. The value of R² was more than 0.989.【Conclusion】Artificial aging can be used to simulate the variation of seed storage in the natural state, and the maturity and aging time affect the seed vigor, the results indicate that the fresh weight and dry weight of seedling can be used as the index to test the seed vigor.