Abstract: 【Objective】 In this study,the extraction process of polyphenols from Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.during physiological fruit-falling period was optimized and the antioxidant activity of the polyphenol extract was analyzed. 【Methods】 On the basis of single factor experiments,response surface method was used to determine the optimum process.The antioxidant activity in vitro was assayed with spectrophotometric method. 【Results】 the suitable extraction conditions were ethanol volume fraction 70%,solid-liquid ratio 1∶21,extraction time 34 minute and temperature 60℃.Under these conditions,the polyphenol extraction yield was 12.50 mg/g.The relative standard deviation of the proved experiment was 1.31% compared with the predicted value,which indicated the regression model was suitable for the polyphenol extraction from A.vulgaris.during physiological fruit-falling period.The IC₅₀ of scavenging the free radicals of ABTS⁺,DPPH, ${O_2}^{-}$were 63.55,55.84,103.00 μg/mL respectively.The results indicated that the ability of the polyphenol extraction to scavenge free radicals in the order was DPPH>ABTS⁺> ${O_2}^{-}$.There is slightly lower scavenging ability of NO^2-. 【Conclusion】 The findings would lays the foundation for the development and utilization of A.vulgaris.during physiological fruit-falling period in anti-free radical oxidation functional food.