出苗期加气灌溉对干播湿出棉花生长与产量品质的影响

Effect of aerated irrigation at emergence on growth, yield, quality of dry sowing and wet seedling cotton fields

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究出苗期加气灌溉对干播湿出棉花生长与产量品质的影响。
    方法 以棉花新陆中54号为研究对象，设置2个加气与3个出苗水量梯度，采用全组合试验设计6个处理，监测了不同生育期干播湿出棉花的出苗率、茎粗、株高、干物质累积量、叶面积指数、产量品质与灌溉水分生产效率。
    结果 加气灌溉处理的茎粗较非加气灌溉处理在苗期与蕾期分别增加10.22%~44.36%与4.10%~11.72%，株高分别增加3.09%~26.44%与8.39%~30.91%，干物质累积分别增加3.5%~27.03%与4.80%~31.28%，叶面积指数分别增加4.17%~36.79%与4.78%~37.5%，表现为苗期、蕾期生长优势明显，但对花期、铃期与吐絮期无影响，不同处理中WP2处理茎粗、干物质累积及叶面积指数最大，WP3处理株高最高。相同灌溉水量下，WP2处理的棉花单株有效结铃数、单铃重、籽棉产量与灌溉水分生产效率均高于其他处理，分别是10.46个、5.62 g、5943 kg/hm2与1.54 kg/hm3，增产效果高于其他处理，灌溉水分生产效率也最高。各处理中WP2处理的上半部平均长度、断裂比强度值最高，但马克隆值、整齐度与伸长率在不同处理间无显著差异。
    结论 考虑各处理对棉花植株生长特性、产量品质及灌溉水生产效率的综合影响，WP2处理是本试验条件下较优的水气灌溉模式。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Investigating the influence of aerated irrigation during the Emergence stage on the growth, yield and fiker quality of Cotton Cultivated with dry Sowing and wet emergence technique.
    Methods Using cotton Xinluzhong 54 as the research object, two aerated and three emergence water gradients were set up, and six treatments were designed in a full-combination experiment to monitor the emergence rate, stem thickness, plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, yield quality, and irrigation water productivity of dry sowing and wet seedling cotton fields.
    Results Compared with non-aerated irrigation treatment, the stem diameter of aerated irrigation treatment increased by 10.22%~44.36% and 4.10%~11.72%, respectively both at seedling stage and bud stage, the plant height increased by 3.09%~26.44% and 8.39%~30.91%, respectively, the dry matter accumulation increased by 3.5%~27.03% and 4.80%~31.28%, respectively. And leaf area index increased by 4.17%~36.79% and 4.78%~37.5%, respectively, The growth advantage of seedling stage and bud stage was obvious, but it had no effect at flowering, bolformation and boll opening stages. The stem diameter, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of WP2 treatment were the largest in different treatments, and the plant height of WP3 treatment was the highest. Under the same irrigation amount, the effective number of bolls per plant, single boll weight, seed cotton yield and irrigation water production efficiency of WP2 treatment were higher than those of other treatments, which were 10.46, 5.62 g, 5943 kg/hm2 and 1.54 kg/hm3, respectively. The yield increase effect was higher than those of other treatments, and the irrigation water production efficiency was also the highest. The average length and breaking strength of the upper half of WP2 treatment were the highest among all treatments, but there was no significant difference in micronaire, uniformity and elongation among different treatments.
    Conclusion Considering the combined effects of the treatments on cotton plant growth characteristics, yield, quality and irrigation water productivity, the WP2 treatment is the preferred water-air irrigation mode under the conditions of this experiment.

     

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