Abstract: 【Objective】 To reveal the differences in the temporal and spatial distribution and yield of cotton bolls of different maturity cotton varieties in southern Xinjiang and provide a theoretical basis for choosing suitable maturity varieties to be planted in that region. 【Methods】 In 2020, mid-early maturity varieties (Zhongmiansuo 96A) and mid-maturity varieties (Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong73) were set to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls of different maturity cotton varieties and their yield changes. 【Result】 The plant height and stem diameter of middle-maturing varieties (Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong73) were significantly higher than those of middle-early maturity varieties (Zhongmiansuo96A).Compared with Zhongmiansuo 96A, the plant height of Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 73 increased by 22.28% and 9.84%, and the stem diameter increased by 25.01% and 11.55%, respectively.In addition, first fruit branch height of the middle-maturing variety was greater than that of the middle-early maturing variety; From the perspective of the time distribution of cotton bolls, the boll ratio of cotton cultivars in premid-summer bolls were Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 73 > Zhongmiansuo 96A, mid-summer bolls were Zhongmiansuo 96 A > Xinluzhong 73 > Tahe 2, autumn bolls were Xinluzhong 73 > Tahe 2 > Zhongmiansuo 96 A; In terms of the spatial distribution of cotton bolls, the cotton bolls of Zhongmiansuo 96A were mainly distributed in the under and middle partinner bells, while Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 73 were distributed in the under and upper part inner bells; From the spatial shedding rate of buds and bells, it can be seen that the shedding rate of buds and bolls in the middle and peripheral bolls of middle-mature varieties was higher than that of the same parts of early-mature varieties; In terms of yield composition, the single boll weight of early-maturing varieties was significantly higher than that of middle-maturing varieties.The single boll weight of Zhongmiansuo 96A increased by 3.15% and 7.73% compared with Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 73, respectively.The seed cotton yields of Zhongmiansuo 96A and Tahe 2 were 3.53% and 2.70% higher than that of Xinluzhong 73. 【Conclusion】 This experiment shows that both the early maturing variety Zhongmiansuo 96A and the middle maturing variety Tahe 2 are suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang and can obtain higher yields.