Abstract: 【Objective】 Through the isolation, culture and preliminary identification of culturable microorganisms in the root, vine, fruit and rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased melon varieties Huang 86 and Xizhoumi, which are mainly cultivated in The Nuomao Lake of Hami, the this project aims to provide necessary information of pathogenic bacteria and microbial diseases for the prevention and control of melon diseases in the Lake. 【Method】 The roots, vines, fruits and rhizosphere soil of diseased and control healthy strains were collected, and bacteria and fungi were isolated and cultured by dilution coating method. 16S rDNA and ITS were used to identify and isolate the isolates. The microbes in healthy and diseased samples were compared to determine the potential pathogenic bacteria and microbial disease types. 【Result】 A total of 23 culturable strains were isolated and identified from healthy and diseased strains of melon variety Huang 86, including 13 bacteria, 10 fungi and 4 potential pathogenic bacteria. A total of 51 culturable strains were isolated and identified, including 37 bacteria and 14 fungi, and 4 potential pathogenic bacteria were found. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae can cause Fusarium wilt and Verticillium dahliae, respectively. The main pathogen of melon variety Xizhoumi was Fusarium solani, which can cause melon Fusarium root rot.