Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of two ethylene inhibitors on cotton growth and yield, and to provide theoretical basis for high yield of cotton. 【Methods】 The effects of two different plant growth regulators on dry matter accumulation, quality and yield of cotton were studied by field experiments. The experiment was designed to spray α - aminoisobutyric acid (AIB, concentration of 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃, concentration of 2 mg/L, 3 mg /L, 4 mg /L) on the leaves. 【Results】 The results showed that two ethylene inhibitors could promote the increase of leaf area index, relative chlorophyll content and number of branches; AIB treatment and AgNO₃ treatment increased bud number and boll number. Ethylene inhibitors increased the dry matter accumulation, the transformation of assimilates to reproductive organs, the number of bolls and the weight of bolls by increasing leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content. 【Conclusion】 According to the analysis of cotton yield, spraying AIB and AgNO₃ on the leaves can effectively improve the cotton yield. The effect of AIB spraying on the leaf surface on the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton was better. The results can provide theoretical basis for cotton high-yield cultivation in Xinjiang.