陆地棉资源材料萌发期耐冷性鉴定及综合评价

王兵跃; 王俊铎; 阳妮; 王俊豪; 郑巨云; 梁亚军; 龚照龙; 耿世伟; 孙丰磊; 钱帅帅; 李雪源; 曲延英

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2026.01.001

陆地棉资源材料萌发期耐冷性鉴定及综合评价

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance of Gossypium hirsutum L. resource materials during germination period

摘要

摘要:
目的挖掘和利用陆地棉耐冷种质资源，筛选耐冷性较强的优异资源材料，为陆地棉耐冷性状遗传改良及新品种选育提供亲本及资源材料。
方法以271份陆地棉种质资源为试验材料，设对照（28 ℃）和低温胁迫处理（4 ℃）2个环境条件，测试不同资源材料平均根长、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、平均发芽速度、平均发芽天数以及耐冷系数等12个性状指标，采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法，对不同陆地棉种质资源进行萌发期耐冷性分析及综合评价。
结果由主成分分析将6个耐冷指标转换为3个相互独立的综合指标，反映了6个指标92.99%的信息量。利用综合耐冷评价值（D）对资源材料进行聚类分析，将271份陆地棉种质资源划分为4类，第Ⅰ类属于强耐冷型，共17份材料；第Ⅱ类属于耐冷型，共31份材料；第Ⅲ类属于不耐冷型，共201份材料；第Ⅳ类属于冷敏感型，共22份材料。4类材料分别占供试材料的6.27%、11.44%、74.17%和8.12%。采用多元回归分析方法，建立陆地棉萌发期耐冷性预测模型为Y = 0.14 + 0.129X₃ + 0.109X₄ + 0.098X₂，筛选出3个耐冷性核心鉴定指标，分别为发芽率、发芽势耐冷系数、发芽指数耐冷系数。
结论通过4 ℃低温处理筛选出17份强耐冷材料，发现发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的耐冷系数可作为陆地棉萌发期耐冷鉴定指标。

Abstract:
Objective To utilize the germplasm resources of Gossypium hirsutum L., in the hope of selecting excellent resource materials with strong cold resistance, thus providing parent and resource materials for the genetic improvement of cold tolerance traits and the breeding of new varieties.
Methods 271 Gossypium hirsutum L. germplasm resources were taken as test materials, two environmental conditions of control (28 ℃) and low temperature stress treatment (4 ℃) were set to test the average root length, germination rate, germination potential, germination index, average germination speed, average germination days, cold tolerance coefficient of 12 traits, and correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to carry out comprehensive evaluation of the germination of different upland cotton germplasm resources cold tolerance.
Results Principal component analysis converted the six cold tolerance indexes into three mutually independent comprehensive indicators, reflecting 92.99% of the information content of the six indicators. Using comprehensive cold resistance value (D), 271 germplasm resources of terrestrial cotton were divided into 4 categories; Class Ⅰ belonged to strong cold resistance with 17 materials; category Ⅱ belonged to cold resistant type, in which there were 31 materials; the third category was of not cold resistant type with 201 materials; class Ⅳ was cold sensitive category with 22 materials; they covered 6.27%, 11.44%, 74.17% and 8.12% of the test materials, respectively. Using multiple regression analysis, the prediction model of cold tolerance of upland cotton was established as Y=0.14+0.129X₃ + 0.109X₄ + 0.098X₂, and three cold tolerance indexes were selected, which were the cold tolerance coefficient of germination rate, germination potential and germination index.
Conclusion 17 strong cold tolerance materials are selected by 4 ℃ low temperature treatment, and the cold tolerance coefficient of germination rate, germination potential and germination index can be used as the cold resistance index of germination period of Gossypium hirsutum L.

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