Abstract: Objective Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD),in the past,also known as glume blight,valley blight,smut,rice spike brown rot disease,brown panicle and so on,is a spike period disease that is caused by a variety of fungi dominated by Fusarium proliferatum.Sometimes it happens in the four major rice producing zones in Xinjiang and the incidence rate is generally in the range of 5; to 20;.Method The occurrence and damage of the disease was effectively controlled by using resistant varieties,adjusting heading date,and preventing and curing agents.Result The main infection source of this disease was identified as Fusariumtenuis.In addition,the secondary infection source of this disease was identified as Curvularialunata and Altemariatenuis.ConclusionThe best solution to prevention and control the disease is to plant resistant cultivars.Using wettable powder of 50; prochlorazisoprothiolane (1,500 times liquid) and missible oil of 25 ; prochloraz (1,600 times liquid) as well as other insecticides to prevent and control during 5-7 days before rice heading date by foliar spraying,can significantly reduce the occurrence of this disease.