Abstract: Objective and MethodTo learn the infection and epidemic status of eperythrozoon in Xinjiang,blood sheeting, Wright's stained blood smear with lightmicroscope and PCR were used to detect infection of the sheep eperythrozoon in Xinjiang, eight hundred and fifty blood samples were collected.ResultThe result indicated that there is serious infection of the eperythrozoon in Xinjiang; The infection rate reached 97; by use of blood sheeting and Wright's stained blood smear with light microscope.The infection rate reached 75; by PCR;Throughout the year there are occurrence of infections,no obvious seasonal one and no significant difference between the districts.Infection intensity was moderate or slight,but severe infection included two small peaks, respectively, from May to June and from November to December. ConclusionConclusion was drawn that there was a high infection rate of Eperythrozoon in the population of Xinjiang sheep.The main predisposition of occurrence of this disease lies in the seasonal changes and forage conversion.