Abstract: Objective and MethodThrough the use of modern 3S Technology , mathematical software and graphics software, based on vector map of multi-temporal remote sensing images, this paper tries to use GIS data input, output, management and spatial overlay analysis function to systematically analyze the changes in ecological pattern of Yuli County in middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River in 1990-2005.ResultSince 1990, the basic distribution pattern of the landscape in Yuli County has not changed the desertification into a substrate, farmland and grassland into the main embedded block. ConclusionLandscape diversity index and evenness index were reduced, the degree of landscape heterogeneity was decreased , the dominance index was increased, the landscape is under the control of a few types of landscapes.