施磷水平对小麦生长、产量和磷素利用率的影响

Effect of phosphorus application level on wheat growth, yield, and phosphorus utilization efficiency

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究施磷水平对小麦生长、产量和磷素利用率的影响。
    方法 采用田间试验研究的方式，设置4个磷肥处理方式，分别为：不施磷肥（P0）、75 kg/hm2磷肥（P1）、150 kg/hm2磷肥（P2），及225 kg/hm2磷肥（P3）分析不同施磷处理小麦生长、产量及肥料利用率的差异。
    结果 施用磷肥可以提高小麦叶面积指数，P2施磷处理开花期、灌浆期叶面积指数最大，显著高于其他施磷处理，P2施磷处理开花期、灌浆期叶面积指数比其他施磷处理分别增加4.68%~7.02%、4.28%~7.14%。不施磷处理P0的净光合速率最低，开花期、灌浆期净光合速率Pn分别为21.80、22.70 mmol·m−2·s−1。开花期、灌浆期各施磷处理之间净光合速率Pn均以P2处理最高，P2处理开花期净光合速率Pn分别比P1、P3处理增加7.91%、6.52%；P2处理灌浆期净光合速率Pn分别比P1、P3处理增加10.59%、9.07%。成熟期施磷处理P1、P2和P3干物质积累量分别比P0处理增加13.91%、28.16%和16.60%，各施磷处理成熟期干物质积累量和P0处理之间差异显著。施磷提高了小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重，其中P2处理产量显著高于P0、P1及P3处理，P2处理产量分别比P0、P1及P3处理增加32.19%、15.73%和11.28%。P2处理磷肥农学利用效率最大，分别比P1、P3处理增加157.03%、127.08%。
    结论 本试验条件下，P2处理小麦生长、产量和肥料利用率表现最佳，可为大田生产磷肥的使用参考。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective In order to investigate the effects of phosphorus application levels on wheat yield formation and fertilizer utilization efficiency.
    Methods Field experiments were conducted, Four phosphorus fertilizer treatments were set, including: No phosphorus fertilizer application (P0), 75 kg/hm2 phosphorus fertilizer (P1), 150 kg/hm2 phosphorus fertilizer (P2) and 225 kg/hm2 phosphorus fertilizer (P3). Analyze the differences in wheat growth, yield, and fertilizer utilization efficiency under different phosphorus treatments.
    Results The application of phosphorus fertilizer can increase the leaf area index of wheat. The P2 phosphorus treatment had the highest leaf area index during the flowering and filling stages, significantly higher than other phosphorus treatments. The P2 phosphorus treatment increased the leaf area index during the flowering and filling stages by 4.68%−7.02% and 4.28%−7.14%, respectively, compared to other phosphorus treatments. The net photosynthetic rate of P0 without phosphorus treatment was the lowest, with net photosynthetic rates Pn of 21.80 and 22.70 mmol·m−2·s−1 during flowering and grain filling stages, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) between the phosphorus treatments during the flowering and grain filling stages was highest in the P2 treatment, which increased by 7.91% and 6.52% respectively compared to the P1 and P3 treatments during the flowering stage; The net photosynthetic rate Pn during the grouting period of P2 treatment increased by 10.59% and 9.07% respectively compared to P1 and P3 treatment. The dry matter accumulation of P1, P2, and P3 treatment with phosphorus during the mature stage increased by 13.91%, 28.16%, and 16.60% respectively compared to the P0 treatment. The differences in dry matter accumulation during the mature stage between each phosphorus treatment and the P0 treatment were significant. Phosphorus application increased the number of wheat ears, grains per ear, and thousand grain weight. Among them, the yield of P2 treatment was significantly higher than that of P0, P1, and P3 treatment. The yield of P2 treatment increased by 32.19%, 15.73%, and 11.28% respectively compared to P0, P1, and P3 treatment. The P2 treatment had the highest agronomic utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer, increasing by 157.03% and 127.08% respectively compared to the P1 and P3 treatments.
    Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, the P2 phosphorus treatment showed the best performance in wheat growth, yield, and fertilizer utilization efficiency, which can serve as a reference for the use of phosphorus fertilizer in field production.

     

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