灌浆期叶面施氮对春小麦产量和品质的影响

Effects of foliar nitrogen application during the grain filling period on yield and quality of spring wheat

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究灌浆期叶面施氮对春小麦产量和品质的提升效果，为优化春小麦栽培管理提供科学依据。
    方法 以当地春小麦品种高原196、高原619和高原202为供试材料，在青藏高原采用随机区组设计，于灌浆期叶面喷施2%尿素溶液，通过设置不同处理，即对照（N0）、灌浆前期喷施1次（N1）和灌浆前、中、后期连续喷施3次（N3），每次喷施含氮量为10.35 kg/hm2，探究叶面施氮对春小麦产量和品质的提升效果。
    结果 （1）与对照相比，灌浆期叶面施氮能够显著提高春小麦产量，其中N3处理下增产效果更佳，高原196、高原619和高原202产量分别提高13.5%、9.0%和14.7%。（2）同一施氮量下，2种处理均能提高春小麦籽粒蛋白质含量，且N3处理对籽粒蛋白质含量提高的幅度更大，高原196、高原619和高原202提高幅度分别为6.7%、9.3%和8.5%。同时，可显著提高小麦粉SDS-沉淀值和湿面筋含量，高原196、高原619、高原202 SDS-沉淀值和湿面筋含量提高幅度分别为12.4%、14.9%、8.9%和8.9%、22.4%、6.7%。
    结论 灌浆期在10.35 kg/hm2叶面施氮量下，对春小麦产量和品质有显著的正向作用，喷施3次对产量和籽粒蛋白质的提升效果更佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the enhancement effect of foliar nitrogen application during the grain filling stage on the yield and quality of spring wheat with a view to providing scientific basis for optimizing cultivation management practices.
    Methods The local spring wheat varieties, namely Gaoyuan 196, Gaoyuan 619, and Gaoyuan 202, were selected as experimental materials, in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, a randomized block design was employed, and a 2% urea solution was sprayed on the leaves during the grain filling stage. Meanwhile, different treatment groups were set up, including a control (N0), one application at the early grain filling stage (N1), and three consecutive applications before, during, and after the grain filling stage (N3), with each application containing 10.35 kg/hm2, to explore the effects of foliar nitrogen application on the yield and quality of spring wheat.
    Results (1) Compared with the control, foliar nitrogen application during the filling stage significantly increased the yield of spring wheat. Among them, the N3 treatment showed better yield enhancement, with a yield increase of 13.5%, 9.0%, and 14.7% for Gaoyuan 196, Gaoyuan 619, and Gaoyuan 202, respectively. (2) Under the same nitrogen application rate, both of the treatments were able to increase the grain protein content of spring wheat, with a greater improvement observed in N3 treatment. The protein content of Gaoyuan 196, Gaoyuan 619, and Gaoyuan 202 increased by 6.7%, 9.3%, and 8.5% respectively. The treatments also contributed to the improvement of SDS sedimentation value and wet gluten content in wheat flour, with increases of 12.4%, 14.9%, 8.9% and 8.9%, 22.4%, 6.7% for SDS sedimentation value and wet gluten content of Gaoyuan 196, Gaoyuan 619, and Gaoyuan 202, respectively.
    Conclusion During the grain filling stage, foliar nitrogen application at a rate of 10.35 kg/hm2 has a significant positive effect on spring wheat yield and quality, with three applications showing a better enhancement effect on both yield and grain protein content.

     

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