药桑和白桑关键品质差异的转录组学分析

Transcriptomic analysis of the key quality differences between Medicinal Mulberry and White Mulberry

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 通过分析不同品种桑葚有机酸和黄酮代谢，揭示桑葚关键品质差异的分子机制。
    方法 选取新疆2种特色桑葚（白桑和药桑）为试验材料进行有机酸和黄酮含量差异分析，并利用转录组学技术筛选关键差异基因，通过解析关键信号通路和基因，初步揭示影响桑葚品质形成的分子机制。
    结果 药桑有机酸类型以柠檬酸为主（28.99 g/kg），且药桑的柠檬酸、酒石酸、总酸含量要高于白桑；白桑有机酸类型以苹果酸为主，为3.16 g/kg，白桑中苹果酸、丁二酸、富马酸高于药桑；药桑1.72 mg/g中黄酮含量要显著高于白桑0.29 mg/g。白桑和药桑总共检测出22870个差异基因，其中上调基因有18188个，下调基因有4682个；通过分析柠檬酸代谢通路和类黄酮代谢通路，确定编码苹果酸酶（ME）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、柠檬酸合成酶（CS）、ATP柠檬酸裂解酶（ACL）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）和乌头酸水合酶（ACO）、查尔酮合酶（CHS）、查尔酮异构酶（CHI）、类黄酮3β-羟化酶（F3H）等是造成2种桑葚品质差异的关键基因。最终，通过RT-qPCR验证了这些差异表达基因，确保了转录组数据的真实可靠。
    结论 药桑和白桑有机酸和黄酮含量差异显著，转录组数据显示CS、ACL、IDH、ACO、CHS、CHI、F3H、FLS、DFR、ANS在有机酸和黄酮的合成和代谢中具有重要调控作用，是造成桑葚品种关键品质差异的关键基因。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective By analyzing the organic acid and flavonoid metabolism of different varieties of mulberries, the molecular mechanisms underlying key quality differences in mulberries are revealed.
    Methods Two characteristic mulberries (white mulberry and medicinal mulberry) from Xinjiang were selected as experimental materials. Differential analysis of organic acid and flavonoid content were conducted, and transcriptomics technology were used to screen key differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and then the molecular mechanism of mulberry quality formation was revealed by analyzing the key signaling pathways and genes among different varieties of mulberry.
    Results The main organic acid in medicinal mulberry is citric acid 28.99 g/kg, and the content of citric acid, tartaric acid, and total acid in medicinal mulberry are higher than that in white mulberry. The main organic acid in white mulberry is malic acid 3.16 g/kg, and malic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid in white mulberry are higher than those in medicinal mulberry. The flavonoid content in medicinal mulberry 1.72 mg/g is significantly higher than that in white mulberry 0.29 mg/g. A total of 22870 DEGs were detected in white mulberry and medicinal mulberry, of which 18188 were up-regulated and 4682 were down-regulated. By analyzing the citric acid metabolism pathway and flavonoid metabolism pathway, the encoding enzymes of malic acid enzyme (ME), malic acid dehydrogenase (MDH), citric acid synthase (CS), ATP citrate lyase (ACL), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and aconite hydratase (ACO), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavonoid 3β-Hydroxylase (F3H) and other key genes are responsible for the quality differences between the two types of mulberries. Finally, these DEGs were validated through RT-qPCR, ensuring the authenticity and reliability of transcriptome data.
    Conclusion There is a significant difference in the content of organic acids and flavonoids between medicinal mulberry and white mulberry. Transcriptome data shows that CS, ACL, IDH, ACO, CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS, DFR, and ANS play important regulatory roles in the synthesis and metabolism of organic acids and flavonoids, and are key genes that cause key quality differences in mulberry varieties.

     

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