Abstract: 【Objective】 Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an invasive weed that severely threatens ecological security and public health in Xinjiang.However, the specific impacts on livelihoods and residents' demands for control measures have not been systematically evaluated.This study aims to quantitatively assess the effects of ragweed on residents' lives through systematic surveys and explore sustainable management strategies tailored to Xinjiang's unique context. 【Methods】 A questionnaire survey was designed to evaluate respondents' cognition level, invasion status, prevention and control behavior and demand of ragweed.The questionnaire was distributed across multiple counties and cities in Xinjiang via a professional platform, yielding 240 valid responses.Combined with literature analysis and statistical methods, the study assessed ragweed's impact on livelihoods and control needs. 【Results】 Cognitive level: 98.75% of respondents were aware of ragweed, with 75% recognizing its high reproductive capacity.43.75% reported that they or their family members had experienced symptoms due to ragweed pollen.51.67% identified ecological imbalance as the primary harm of ragweed, and 43.75% correctly noted wind-mediated seed dispersal.Invasion status: Ragweed was detected in 65% of villages/communities, with 30% observing significant expansion over the past five years.Roadsides (35.42%) and farmlands were key challenging areas for control.36.67% reported crop yield reduction due to ragweed, and 21% faced health issues.Prevention practices and demands: 80% relied on chemical herbicides, with 41.67% considering chemical control the most effective.62.92% cited insufficient funding, and 54.17% noted that the control effect was not lasting.75.83% desired free weeding tools and subsidies, 86.67% advocated for a monitoring and early-warning system, and 80% called for ecological compensation. 【Conclusion】 Residents demonstrate high awareness of ragweed, yet its spread poses threats to agriculture and public health.Current control measures predominantly rely on chemical methods but face challenges such as funding shortages and technical limitations.Future efforts should strengthen communication and collaboration with residents, establishing a model of scientific and technological support and multi-governance, give priority to monitoring and early warning, ecological compensation and technical training, stimulate residents' enthusiasm for participation, and achieve long-term governance.