Abstract: 【Objective】 We combed and analyzed the current situation of the development of biological breeding in Xinjiang cotton industry, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the high-quality development of cotton biological breeding in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 By consulting literature and investigating typical projects, we understand the application basis of cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing, molecular marker-assisted selection, and transgenic breeding in Xinjiang. 【Results】 The development status of cotton industry in Xinjiang was investigated, the application of cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing and molecular markers in cotton breeding was sorted out, the existing technology, mechanism and market bottleneck were analyzed, and the countermeasures such as scientific research system construction, policy support and industrial coordination were put forward. Mining the main bottlenecks restricting the promotion of biological breeding, combined with typical cases at home and abroad, put forward practical and feasible countermeasures and suggestions. 【Conclusion】 Xinjiang is leading the country in terms of cotton planting scale, industrial organization and mechanization level, but in the breeding process, especially in the field of biological breeding, there are still multiple problems such as imperfect system, insufficient technical reserve and poor transformation of achievements.