Abstract: 【Objective】 As a vital cotton production base in China, Xinjiang plays a strategic role in ensuring national cotton supply security and promoting sustainable regional economic development.Against the backdrop of deep integration of agricultural informatization, promoting smart production has become the core pathway for transforming and upgrading Xinjiang's cotton industry.This study aims to systematically analyze the application status and existing challenges of smart agriculture technologies in Xinjiang's cotton production and propose optimization strategies. 【Methods】 Based on a systematic analysis approach, this study first constructs a theoretical framework for smart agriculture technology systems and then comprehensively reviews its practical applications in Xinjiang's cotton production.By integrating multidisciplinary research findings and typical case studies, the study thoroughly examines the key constraints currently faced. 【Results】 The research reveals that smart cotton production in Xinjiang still faces challenges such as critical technological bottlenecks, production cost constraints, and insufficient industrial chain coordination, which hinder further development of the industry. 【Conclusion】 To address these issues, this study proposes systematic optimization strategies from three dimensions: technology innovation-driven solutions, policy support mechanisms, and industrial ecosystem collaboration.These strategies aim to promote the efficient, smart, and sustainable development of Xinjiang's cotton industry, providing theoretical and practical references for enhancing the international competitiveness of China's cotton sector.