Objective In order to further explore the distribution characteristics and dominant characteristic factors of soil salinity in Karamay Agricultural Development Zone, and solve the problem of soil secondary salinization affecting local sustainable development.

Methods combination of field survey sampling and indoor experimental analysis was used to carry out salt descriptive analysis, salt ion composition correlation analysis and principal component analysis.

Results The soil in the irrigation area is generally mildly salinized soil, and there is a phenomenon of surface accumulation of soil salinity. The total salt in 0~40 cm soil layer showed strong variability, while that in 40~120cm soil layer showed moderate variability. Salt ion content: SO₄²⁻>K⁺+Na⁺>Cl⁻>Ca²⁺>HCO₃⁻>Mg²⁺. The areas with high soil salt content are mainly concentrated in the southern, northern and central eastern parts of the irrigation area. There was no significant correlation between soil total salt and HCO₃⁻, but there was a significant positive correlation with other ions. The soil salt type in the irrigation area was chloride-sulfate type. The results of principal component analysis showed that Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺and K⁺+Na⁺ could be used as the dominant characteristic factors of soil salinization in the study area, while HCO₃-could be used as the dominant characteristic factor of soil alkalization. The principal component score could effectively evaluate and judge the salinity and alkalinity of different soil samples.

Conclusion The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and treatment of local saline soil prevention and control.