施氮量对不同机采棉种植模式下棉花生长发育及产量构成的影响

李蔚和; 王莲; 徐新龙; 李雪瑞; 郭仁松; 张巨松

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.12.011

施氮量对不同机采棉种植模式下棉花生长发育及产量构成的影响

Effects of nitrogen application on growth, development and yield composition of cotton under different planting patterns

摘要

摘要:
目的为研究施氮量对不同机采棉种植模式下棉花生长发育及产量构成的影响。
方法主区设2种种植模式：（66+10） cm宽窄行（P1）和76 cm等行距（P2），副区为4个施氮量，分别为207 （N1）、276 （N2）、345 （N3）及414 kg/hm²（N4），研究施氮量对不同种植模式棉花生育进程、农艺性状、棉铃时空分布、净光合速率、叶面积指数及产量构成的影响。
结果在76 cm等行距种植模式下，施氮量为345 kg/hm²时，棉花籽棉产量最高，为7538.41 kg/hm²。76 cm等行距模式下平均株高、真叶数、果枝数等农艺指标均高于（66+10） cm宽窄行模式，且随施氮量的增加而增大；净光合速率、叶面积指数及单株铃数均随施氮量的增大呈现先升后降趋势。
结论建议新疆南疆种植机采棉源棉8号，种植模式为76 cm等行距，施氮量为345 kg/hm²。

Abstract:
Objectives To study the effects of nitrogen application on the growth and yield of cotton under different planting patterns.
Methods The main area consisted of two planting modes: The (66+10) cm wide and narrow rows(P1) and 76 cm rows with equal spacing (P2) were divided into four subzones, which were 207 (N1), 276 (N2), 345 (N3) and 414 kg/hm² (N4), respectively. The effects of nitrogen application on growth process, agronomic traits, spatial and temporal distribution of cotton boll, net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index and yield composition of cotton under different planting patterns were studied.
Results The yield of cotton seed reached the highest (7538.41 kg/hm²) under 76 cm equal row spacing and 345 kg/hm² nitrogen application. The average plant height, true leaf number, fruit branch number and other agronomic indexes in 76 cm row spacing pattern were higher than those in (66+10) cm wide and narrow row pattern, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate; The net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index and boll number per plant showed a trend of "first increase and then decrease" with the increase of nitrogen application rate.
Conclusion It is recommended that the machine-picked cotton in Southern Xinjiang cotton Yuanmian No. 8 should be selected for planting, the planting mode should be 76 cm equal row spacing, and the nitrogen application rate 345 kg/hm².

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