典型荒漠绿洲玉米穗腐病发生及影响因素分析

Analysis on occurrence and influencing factors of maize ear rot in typical desert oasis

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析典型荒漠绿洲生态区玉米穗腐病发生及流行因素，为新疆玉米穗腐病科学防控提供依据。
    方法 2023年调查新疆南北疆3个地州市7县市区135个样地玉米穗腐病发病情况，分析玉米穗部百穗虫量、棉铃虫占比、降雨量和栽培模式与发病率的关系。
    结果 全疆共调查玉米田块94块，发病田块53块，平均病田率56.38%，平均病穗率42.11‰，北疆春播玉米穗腐病平均病田率和病穗率明显高于南疆复播玉米。博乐市玉米穗腐病发生最严重，平均病田率及病穗率分别为63.52%、45.67‰；其次是新源县，平均病田率及病穗率分别为61.23%、41.64‰。博乐市玉米穗部平均百穗虫量和棉铃虫占比最高，分别为75.30头/百穗和92.30%；疏勒县最低，平均百穗虫量和棉铃虫占比分别为35.21头/百穗和63.50%。玉米穗部平均百穗虫量（F=107.8，P<0.0005，R2=0.7093）、棉铃虫占比（F=12.62，P=0.0238，R2=0.7593）、降雨量（F=9.76，P<0.0354，R2=0.9642）与穗腐病发病率均呈正相关；滴灌种植玉米穗腐病平均病田率和病穗率显著高于漫灌种植（P<0.05）。此外，新疆玉米穗腐病主要致病菌为拟轮枝镰孢（Fusarium verticillioides）、木贼镰孢（Fusarium equiseti）和禾谷镰孢（Fusarium graminearum）。
    结论 新疆北疆春播玉米穗腐病发生严重，而穗部百穗虫量、降雨量是玉米穗腐病发生的主要因素之一，滴灌种植对穗腐病发生也有一定影响。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The occurrence and epidemic factors of corn ear rot in typical desert oasis ecological areas were analyzed to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of corn ear rot in Xinjiang.
    Methods In 2023, the incidence of corn ear rot was investigated in 135 sample areas in 7 counties of 3 cities in southern and northern Xinjiang, and the relationship between the number of 100 ear worms, the proportion of cotton bollworm, rainfall and cultivation pattern and the incidence was analyzed.
    Results A total of 94 corn fields were investigated in Xinjiang, and 53 of them were affected. The average diseased field rate was 56.38% and the average diseased ear rate was 42.11‰. The average diseased field rate and diseased ear rate of spring sowing corn in northern Xinjiang were significantly higher than that of re-sowing corn in southern Xinjiang. The incidence of ear rot was the most serious in Bole City, and the average diseased field rate and diseased ear rate were 63.52% and 45.67‰, respectively. The average diseased field rate and diseased ear rate in Xinyuan County were 61.23% and 41.64‰, respectively. The average number of 100 ears of corn and the proportion of cotton bollworm were the highest in Bole city, which were 75.30 per 100 ears and 92.30%, respectively. Shule County had the lowest average number of 100 ears and the proportion of cotton bollworm were 35.21 per 100 ears and 63.50% respectively. There were positive correlations between the average number of 100 ear worms (F=107.8, P<0.0005, R2=0.7093), the proportion of cotton bollworm (F=12.62, P=0.0238, R2=0.7593) and rainfall (F=9.76, P<0.0354, R2=0.9642). The average field rate and ear rate of ear rot under drip irrigation were significantly higher than those under flood irrigation (P<0.05). In addition, the main pathogens of corn ear rot in Xinjiang were Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium graminearum.
    Conclusion Ear rot occurred seriously in spring sowing corn in northern Xinjiang, and the amount of 100 ear worms and rainfall were the main factors of ear rot. Drip irrigation also had some influence on ear rot.

     

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