Objective To explore the response mechanism of different germination forms of wheat to overwintering survival rate and alleviate the problem of insufficient basic seedling number and yield decline in ultra late sowing wheat production.

Methods Using a single factor random block design, by controlling the cultivation time of wheat seeds, seven types of ultra late sowing wheat overwintering germination forms were simulated. The differences in dry and fresh weight, relative conductivity, and osmotic regulatory substance content of different forms of wheat were analyzed. Then, the differences in survival rates of different forms of wheat were compared through two low temperature stresses (0 and −5 ℃).

Results The fresh weight, dry weight, and water content of wheat seedlings all increase with the increase of cultivation time, but the indicators increase slowly from T2 to T5 stages; The relative conductivity decreases first and then increases with the increase of cultivation time, with the lowest values observed during the T4 to T5 germination stage; Except for T1, the content of soluble sugars and proline was highest during the T4 to T5 germination stage; At 0 and −5 ℃, except for T1, wheat has the highest survival rate in stages T4 to T5. The correlation analysis shows that the survival rate is significantly negatively correlated with fresh weight, dry weight, and water content, but not significantly correlated with relative conductivity. It is significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar and proline content.

Conclusion Simulation test results and actual field production conditions, ultra late sown wheat in the northern region of Xinjiang is generally sown from October 30th to November 5th. Ultra late sown wheat grows from T4 (root and bud) to T5 (bud length of about 1 cm) before winter, with strong stress resistance, low overwintering mortality rate, high survival rate the following year, and more guaranteed yield, which can be used as a reference for actual production.