Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze the genetic patterns of capsaicinoids and carotenoids in chili fruits by using F₂ generation self-pollinated lines, investigate the segregation ratios of traits in the F₂ generation, and provide theoretical basis for breeding high-capsaicinoid and high-carotenoid chili varieties and creating germplasm resources. 【Methods】 By crossing parental lines to produce an F₁ population, followed by single plant self-pollination of the F₁ generation to establish the F₂ generation population. The capsaicinoids and carotenoids contents in the F₂ population were analyzed according to national standards, and the genetic patterns of these traits were studied. 【Results】 The coefficient of variation for capsaicinoid substances in chili fruits was over 60%, while for carotenoids it was 28.45%. In the F₂ population, using the maternal line as a reference, the segregation ratio for capsaicinoids was 26∶1, for carotenoids it was 1∶1, and for capsaicinoids it was 35∶13∶5∶2∶1. 【Conclusion】 Interspecific hybridization can be used for creating germplasm resources and breeding high-capsaicinoid and high-carotenoid varieties; however, multiple gene loci influence the levels of capsaicinoids and carotenoids in chili fruits.