Abstract: 【Objective】 Thrips is significant piercing-sucking pests of cotton and other crops, with weeds serving as important intermediate hosts. Identifying thrips species infesting common weeds around cotton fields in Xinjiang provides valuable insights for the comprehensive prevention and control of the plant in cotton cultivation. Additionally, this knowledge facilitates the scientific and rational management of weeds around cotton fields to promote the conservation of natural enemies. 【Methods】 25 thrips samples were collected from 19 common weed species around cotton fields in Bole and Hutubi counties in northern Xinjiang, as well as Korla city in southern Xinjiang, during June and July, prior to the migration of thrips into the cotton fields. The samples were identified based on external morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding of the Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Interspecific genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura-2-parameter model, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method. 【Results】 The results showed that Frankliniellaintonsa (Trybom) was thepredominant thrips species collected from the most common weed hosts in Xinjiang. Additionally, Odontothrips loti (Haliday) was also found on Medicago sativa L., and Apocynumvenetum L. Psilothrips sp., belonging to the genus Psilothrips, were found on Kalidiumfoliatum (Pall.) Moq. Furthermore, neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that F. intonsa collected from diverse common weeds across different locations formed a distinct cluster, closely related to those obtained from rape and cotton plants, with minimal interspecific genetic distance. 【Conclusion】 Multiple common weeds around cotton fields in Xinjiang serve as hosts for F. intonsa, which infests both these weeds and cotton. The distribution of F. intonsa on a variety of common weeds and cotton in Xinjiang is not influenced by geographical isolation or host specificity.