Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the difference of drought resistance of sweet potato germplasm resources in Xinjiang under drought environment and to screen suitable drought resistant varieties, which have provided important resources for sweet potato breeding and production in arid region of Xinjiang. 【Methods】 52 imported sweet potato germplasm resources and normal irrigation variety Chaotuou 1 were taken as materials and a field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2024. The experiment design included normal irrigation control group (CK) and natural drought treatment group (T). 9 key indicators were systematically evaluated in this study: Agronomic traits such as vine length, base branching number, stem diameter and yield, physiological indexes such as relative water content, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (PRO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), combined with yield performance. The comprehensive drought resistance evaluation system was constructed by comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC), membership function method (D-value), principal component analysis, grey correlation degree and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The response degree of the selected indexes to drought stress was more obvious than the sensitive response. Under drought stress, all indexes had different degrees of change, and the difference was large. Principal component analysis summarized the 9 indexes into 5 comprehensive indexes. The D-value distribution range was between 0.189 and 0.726. The relative water content was the most closely related to drought resistance. The D-value cluster analysis divided the germplasm into 5 drought-resistant grades, with 14 highly resistant varieties, There were 11 rather high resistant varieties, 9 medium resistant varieties, 13 sensitive varieties, and 5 sensitive varieties. 【Conclusion】 14 high-resistant germplasm, including Jiyuan 2, Ning E27-5 and Zheng Hong 32, are screened out.