Abstract: 【Objective】 Drought is one of the main factors affecting the production of cultivated mustard rapeseed in Xinjiang. This project aims to identify the drought resistance of mustard rapeseed during the whole growth period and screen the materials with strong drought resistance, so as to provide germplasm resources and theoretical basis for drought resistance breeding. 【Methods】 In this study, 294 mustard rapeseed germlines were set up in Anningqu Experimental Base in Urumqi, Xinjiang in 2022-2023 under three treatments: normal irrigation, rewatering and drought. Plant height and yield per plant were measured. Drought resistance coefficient and average membership function were used for drought resistance identification and cluster analysis. 【Results】 Compared with total irrigation, the measurement indexes of different treatments were significantly different. The plant height and yield per plant decreased by 9.80% and 10.09% in 2022 and 19.35% and 38.07% in 2023, respectively. Drought treatment decreased by 21.05%, 20.61%, 39.82% and 57.16%, respectively. The frequencies of plant height and yield per plant with DC>0.900 under rehydration treatment and drought treatment were 54.42%, 46.26%, 18.71% and 18.37%, respectively. Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation value of drought resistance of mustard rapeseed was calculated by means of average membership function standardization analysis, and cluster analysis was conducted on the tested varieties based on this value. Re-watering treatment and drought treatment were divided into 5 grades respectively, namely, I (strong resistance), II (resistance), III (medium resistance), IV (more sensitive) and V (sensitive). The regression model of the whole growth period of mustard rapeseed was established, and the rehydration treatment was as follows: Y=0.500X₁+0.499X₂; Drought treatment: Y=0.500X₁+0.500X₂ 【Conclusion】 Six varieties CKH037, CKH087, CKH183, CKH189, CKH209 and CKH282 with strong resistance are selected through the identification of drought resistance.