土壤封闭除草剂对棉田一年生杂草的防效及安全性

Control efficacy and safety of soil treatment herbicides against annual weeds in cotton fields

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】 研究5种土壤封闭除草剂对棉田一年生杂草的防除效果及对棉花的安全性分析。 【方法】 采用田间随机区组法,选用330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、480 g/L氟乐灵EC、40%扑草净WP、50%丙炔氟草胺WP和42%氟啶草酮SC等5种除草剂,不同剂量共10个处理进行田间药效试验,研究各处理对棉田龙葵(Solanum nigrum)、灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)和苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)等一年生阔叶杂草及狗尾草(Setaria viridis)和稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)等一年生禾本科杂草的防除效果,评价供试药剂对棉花出苗安全性及产量的影响。 【结果】 330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、480 g/L氟乐灵EC、40%扑草净WP、50%丙炔氟草胺WP和42%氟啶草酮SC对棉田一年生阔叶杂草的最高株防效分别为67.91%、59.47%、77.20%、78.46%和81.13%,对棉田一年生禾本科杂草的最高株防效分别为81.51%、63.08%、65.59%、78.64%和81.39%。各处理棉花出苗率为83.13%~88.54%,与CK无显著差异,棉花产量较CK增长7.39%~26.54%。330 g/L二甲戊灵EC 990 g a.i./hm2的处理对狗尾草和稗等一年生禾本科杂草的防效优于其余各处理,50%丙炔氟草胺60 g a.i./hm2和42%氟啶草酮SC 288 g a.i./hm2的处理对棉田龙葵、灰绿藜、反枝苋、马齿苋和苘麻等一年生阔叶杂草的防效较优。 【结论】 330 g/L二甲戊灵EC 990 g a.i./hm2、50%丙炔氟草胺WP 60 g a.i./hm2和42%氟啶草酮SC 288 g a.i./hm2的处理对棉田一年杂草防效较优,且对棉花出苗无影响,安全性较高。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the control effects of five soil treatment herbicides against annual weeds in cotton fields and their safety to cotton. 【Methods】 The field randomized block experiment were adopted. 330 g/L pendimethalin EC, 480 g/L trifluralin EC, 40% prometryn WP, 50% flumioxazin WP and 42% fluridone SC with a total of 10 treatments at different dosages were selected for the field efficacy experiment. The control effects of each treatment against annual broad-leaved weeds such as Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium glaucum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea and Abutilon theophrasti, as well as annual gramineous weeds such as Setaria viridis and Echinochloa crusgalli in cotton fields were studied to evaluate the effects of the tested herbicides on the safety of cotton emergence and yield. 【Results】 The control effects of 330 g/L pendimethalin EC, 480 g/L trifluralin EC, 40% prometryn WP, 50% flumioxazin WP and 42% fluridone SC against annual broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields were 67.91%, 59.47%, 77.20%, 78.46% and 81.13% respectively, and the control effects against annual gramineous weeds in cotton fields were 81.51%, 63.08%, 65.59%, 78.64% and 81.39% respectively. The cotton emergence rates of each treatment were between 83.13% and 88.54%, showing no significant difference from that of the CK, and the cotton yields increased by 7.39% to 26.54% compared with CK. The treatment of 330 g/L pendimethalin EC 990 g a.i./hm2 had a better control effect on annual gramineous weeds such as Setaria viridis and Echinochloa crusgalli than other treatments. The treatments of 50% flumioxazin 60 g a.i./hm2 and 42% fluridone SC 288 g a.i./hm2 had better control effects on annual broad-leaved weeds such as Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium glaucum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea and Abutilon theophrasti in cotton fields. 【Conclusion】 The treatments of 330 g/L pendimethalin EC 990 g a.i./hm2, 50% flumioxazin WP 60 g a.i./hm2 and 42% fluridone SC 288 g a.i./hm2 show preferable control effects on annual weeds in cotton fields, all of which have no negative impact on cotton emergence, and possess high safety.

     

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