Abstract: 【Objective】 To systematically investigate three kinds of melon aphid-borne viral diseases in representative melon production areas of Xinjiang in order to explore the incidence of melon aphid-borne virus diseases,this study findings can provide some guidance to formulate scientific prevention and control measures of melon virus diseases. 【Methods】 Molecular techniques were used to identify the virus species in the collected winged aphid and melon plant samples. The incidence of CMV, WMV and CABYV aphids were determined by the number of aphids and the incidence of a disease in the field. 209 melon samples collected in the field were detected by qRT-PCR. 【Results】 The results showed that the average detection rates of CMV, WMV and CABYV were 53.62%, 44.38% and 35.97% respectively. The average detection rates of CMV, WMV and CAMYV of the 270 samples were 19.75%, 16.38% and 13.95% respectively. The number of aphids in the field were positively correlated with the incidence of a disease (P = 0.40). Air temperature was positively correlated with aphid number and incidence of a disease (aphid number P = 0.41, incidence P = 0.75). The incidence of a disease was negatively correlated with moisture, amount of precipitation and surface wind speed (humidity P =-0.56, precipitation P = -0.72 and ground wind speed P = -0.38). 【Conclusion】 CMV, WMV and CABYV are all detected in melon plants and winged aphids in Jiashi County of Kashi, and the detection rate of CMV is the highest. The number of winged aphids is positively correlated with the incidence of a disease. The mean air temperature is positively correlated with the number of winged aphids and the incidence of a disease.