Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze the shortcomings and regional differences of high-quality development of cotton industry by measuring the high-quality development level of cotton in the major cotton-producing areas of Xinjiang(Southern Xinjiang Cotton Region,Northern Xinjiang Cotton Region and Eastern Xinjiang Cotton Region), and put forward policy recommendations for high-quality cotton industry development in this region. 【Methods】 This paper constructed an index system from five dimensions: industrial development, green production, product quality, production efficiency and technological support, and Entropy method and Theil index were used to analyze the high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2021. 【Results】 The score of the northern Xinjiang cotton region decreased from 46.70 points to 35.05 points from 2014 to 2021, the cotton area in southern Xinjiang increased from 31.32 points to 35.97 points,the score of the eastern Xinjiang cotton area increased from 21.98 points to 28.98 points;The regional difference index for high-quality cotton development in Xinjiang decreased from 0.1791 to 0.059,5; The intra-regional difference index decreased from 0.052,4 to 0.024,9;The inter-regional difference index decreased from 0.126,7 to 0.034,6. 【Conclusion】 The high-quality development level of the cotton area in northern Xinjiang is higher than that in southern and eastern Xinjiang, but the high-quality development level of the cotton area in northern Xinjiang showed a downward trend. The high-quality development level of the cotton area in southern and eastern Xinjiang are on the rise, that is, in the various prefectures (cities) level of development are not balanced; The regional difference of high-quality cotton development in Xinjiang gradually converges.