Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to screen the optimal combination of pesticides and adjuvants for cotton aphid control in Xinjiang cotton field and its impact on the variable application by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). 【Methods】 Through the field efficacy experiment, the control effect of five spray auxiliaries added to different pesticides on Aphis gossypii was compared, and the physicochemical properties of 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong and the control effect of UAV variable application on cotton aphids were measured. 【Results】 After adding 5 types of adjuvants, the control effect on Aphis gossypii was improved. Among them, 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong had the strongest control effect, and the reduction rate of insect population reached 86% after 7 days of treatment, followed by the addition of 22% thiamethoxam·lambda-cyhalothrin suspension concentrate added with Beidatong, which was 81%. The difference between the two was not significant (P<0.05). According to the prescription map generated by the experimental site, the cotton field unmanned aerial vehicle variable spraying operation was carried out. The results showed that the combination of 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong showed good control effects in four aphid infestation levels by UAV variable spraying. The optimal control effect was achieved when the level of harm was 4 and the dosage was 30 L/hm². After 7 days of treatment, the insect population reduction rate reached 91.14%, and the drug coverage rate, droplet density distribution uniformity, and droplet density were 133%, 87%, and 26.28 number/cm², respectively, with significant differences compared to other treatments (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The optimal combination of insecticides and adjuvants for the control of Aphis gossypii is 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong by UAV. The variable operation with a hazard level of 4 has the best effect on the control of cotton aphids. The research results provide scientific basis for the precise application to control cotton aphids of variable pesticides by UAV variable spraying.