Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of different upper and lower limits of soil moisture on the growth and yield of machine-harvested Gossypium barbadense in Southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for field water management of the crop. 【Methods】 A two-year field experiment was carried out with Gossypium barbadense as the research object. In 2021, three irrigation lower limits were set as 50%, 60% and 70% field water holding capacity (FC), three irrigation upper limits were set as 80 %, 90% and 100% FC and eight treatments of different combinations (Wa-1-Wa-8). In 2022, the irrigation upper limit was set at 90% FC, three irrigation lower limits were set at 55 %, 65 % and 75 % FC in bud stage, and three irrigation lower limits were set at 60%, 70% and 80% FC in flower and boll stage. Nine treatments (Wb-1-Wb-9) were completely combined. Based on the difference of growth indexes, yield composition and water use efficiency under different irrigation schemes, the better experimental treatment was selected by AHP-EWM-RSR comprehensive evaluation method. 【Results】 The results showed that the increase of irrigation lower limit at bud stage significantly increased plant height and stem diameter. The irrigation lower limit of 70 % FC at flowering and boll stage was beneficial to increase yield and water use efficiency, and there was no significant difference in harvest density. The seed cotton yield of Wb-5 treatment (65 % FC-90 % FC at bud stage and 70% FC-90% FC at flowering and boll stage) was 6.33 t / hm², which was 10.86 % higher than that of CK-2, and its water use efficiency was 73.17% higher than that of CK-2. 【Conclusion】 Bud stage are 65% -90% FC, and the upper and lower limits of irrigation at flower and boll stage are 70 % -90 % FC, which can promote growth and increase yield and water use efficiency.