Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022, under the conditions of drip irrigation in the field, five treatments were set up: no urea (F₀), ordinary urea (F₁), humate urea (F₂), controlled release urea single base application (F₃) and controlled release urea fractional application (F₄). The changes of yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that in the test period, the SPAD value of winter wheat leaves under F₄ treatment was the highest, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were also higher than those under other treatments, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration was the lowest. Dry matter accumulation per plant of each treatment was F₄>F₂>F₃>F₁>F₀ at flowering stage and filling stage. The highest yield of drip irrigation under different treatments was 9,210.95 kg/hm² under F₄ treatment, which was 21.64%, 12.52%, 6.87% and 7.77% higher than that under F₀, F₁, F₂ and F₃ treatments, respectively. The maximum nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (11.29 kg /kg) and nitrogen partial productivity (40.71 kg /kg) of winter wheat were obtained under F₄ treatment. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that under the experimental conditions, controlled release urea fractional application F₄ treatment of winter wheat leaves has better photosynthetic indexes and higher grain yield.