Abstract: 【Objective】 It is important to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer rationing on the yield and quality of wheat and the fertilizer effect, and to find out the optimal NPK fertilizer application rate and fertilizer ration for high yield, high quality and high efficiency of wheat. 【Methods】 The winter wheat cultivar Xindong 42 was used as the test material, and the fertilizer effect test design scheme "3414" was adopted to conduct the field plot test to determine the yield and quality related traits of winter wheat and to fit the fertilizer effect model. 【Results】 Meanwhile the effect of NPK fertilizer on yield showed reciprocal effects, with the size of the reciprocal effects being NPK>NP>NK>PK in the order of NPK>NP>PK. Among the 14 treatments, N₂P₂K₂ had the highest yield and economic benefit of 8,036.03 kg/hm² and 18,044.85 yuan/hm², respectively. After being analyzed by the regression equation, the maximum yield of 8,082.75 kg/hm² was achieved when the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 190.21, 122.27 and 53.11 kg/hm², respectively; the best economic benefit achieved was 18,056.37/hm²,when the application rates 171.03, 108.18 and 44.77 kg/hm², respectively; maximum starch dry basis content 5,742.29 kg/hm² was obtained 180.00, 125.69 and 50.90 kg/hm², respectively; maximum wet gluten content 274.64, 69.75 and 138.95 kg/hm², respectively. 【Conclusion】 Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could significantly improve the yield, quality and economic benefits of Xindong 42.