Abstract: 【Objective】 Aims to collect the tarim river basin industry production structure and layout of basic data analysis, reveals the 1990-2020 tarim river basin industry structure layout of the historical evolution and the driving factors, finally to ensure the basin industry resources environment security, promote regional agricultural green quality development, prosperity, frontier and consolidate poverty alleviation and promoting rural revitalization of further research to provide scientific basis. 【Methods】 Collect and sort out the production data of forest and fruit industry in The Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020, and carry out a summary and comparative analysis on them. 【Results】 Confirmed that since 1990, the development of the Tarim River Basin has been bounded in 1999,2011 and 2020, and experienced three stages from the initial stage of development to optimal development, the rapid development stage in the direction of large-scale intensification, and the stage of improving the quality and efficiency of the forestry and fruit industry in the new period. 【Conclusion】 Due to the development of the Belt and Road, the strategy and the strategy, a series of guidance documents and the opening of the industry and various preferential policies and measures, which further promote the structural adjustment of the forestry and fruit industry in the Tarim River Basin, in order to achieve the high-quality development goal.