Abstract: 【Objective】 The key factors affecting cotton seedling emergence in saline-alkali land in southern Xinjiang were analyzed through regional field investigation, and then the measures for seedling preservation were put forward. 【Methods】 Literature investigation, field investigation and field experiment were used. 【Results】 Soil salinization intensity, abnormal climatic conditions, soil environment and water resources shortage were the main influencing factors for cotton emergence in saline-alkali land in southern Xinjiang. Proper seedling protection measures can increase the seedling emergence rate, broaden the adaptability of cotton in saline-alkali land, and then guarantee the cotton yield. 【Conclusion】 The saline-alkali resistance of cotton was improved by soil amendment, irrigation strategy and oxygen augmentation technology.