Abstract: 【Objective】 To review the current situation of wheat industry development in southern Xinjiang, and put forward countermeasures to improve wheat yield level in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The current situation of wheat industry in southern Xinjiang was sorted out through literature review and interview. 【Results】 Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the annual sown area of wheat in Xinjiang has remained above 113.33×10⁴ hm(1,700×10⁴ mu). The five prefectures in southern Xinjiang are wheat industrial areas in Xinjiang, mainly focusing on winter wheat planting. The average sown area from 2021 to 2023 is about 60×10⁴ hm(900×10⁴ mu). More than 50% of the wheat sown area in Xinjiang; The total yield is more than 330×10⁴ t, accounting for more than 50% of the total wheat production in Xinjiang; The yield per unit area was more than 370 kg/667m², slightly lower than the average level of wheat in Xinjiang. The main wheat varieties in southern Xinjiang are Xindong 20, Xindong 22, Xindong 60, Xindong 55 and Xindong 40. A total of 14 new wheat varieties have been approved in southern Xinjiang since the "13 th Five-Year Plan", and the cultivated varieties have achieved a great improvement in yield, but the early maturity of the new cultivated varieties is not prominent, and most varieties belong to the medium gluten level. 【Conclusion】 The wheat planting area and total yield in southern Xinjiang are in a leading position in wheat production in Xinjiang, but the yield per unit area is lower than the average wheat level in Xinjiang. At present, the main wheat varieties in southern Xinjiang are still Xindong 20 and Xindong 22. The planting area of newly approved wheat varieties is not large, the promotion speed is slow, and the replacement of varieties has not yet formed.