Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze the regional planning and layout of cotton production advantages in Xinjiang, and provide support for regional layout of cotton production advantages, industrial transformation and upgrading and high-quality development in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The cotton planting data of 62 cotton planting counties (cities) in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2021 were collected, and the advantageous regions of cotton were comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of scale, per unit yield, comparison, industry, resources, ecology and quality. 【Results】 Screened out 23 Xinjiang cotton dominant cotton planting counties (cities). 【Conclusion】 The division of cotton advantage areas is conducive to improving the production capacity, level, quality and efficiency of cotton in Xinjiang, and ensuring the steady production and increase of cotton in Xinjiang.