Abstract: 【Objective】 This paper reviewed the history and current status of research on Asian corn borer (ACB) and European corn borer (ECB) in the desert oasis ecoregion of Xinjiang, and analyses the main reasons for the invasion of Asian corn borer to replace the native European corn borer. 【Methods】 In this paper, we collected national and international research literature, performed indoor virulence assays using indoor established populations of ACB and ECB, and finally analysed the main drivers of competitive substitution between ACB and ECB. 【Results】 ACB is significantly more adaptable to high temperatures and has a wider host range than the ECB; in the same domain, the ACB is significantly less sensitive to insecticides than the ECB, and the ACB is significantly more fecund than the ECB. 【Conclusion】 Replacement is the result of the cruelest interspecific competition. Through years of investigation, our team has found that the Asian corn borer has replaced the European corn borer in Xinjiang, and has become the main dominant species that harms the corn crop in most areas and has regional outbreaks in Xinjiang. The main reason for this is that the Asian corn borer's fertility is higher than that of the European corn borer, and the Asian corn borer's adaptability to the environment is higher than that of the European corn borer. Warming of the climate, prolongation of the number of days with extreme high temperatures, an increase in the area under maize cultivation, increased mechanisation and the widespread use of insecticides have accelerated the replacement of the European corn borer by the Asian corn borer.