Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to explore the ways for plants to obtain nitrogen nutrients in the Taklimakan Desert. 【Methods】 the typical legume plants Sophora alopecuroides, Tamarix ramosissima, Karelinia caspica and Inula salsoloides were used as research materials.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from plant roots using YMA and Ashby nitrogen-free medium.It provides support for the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria resources in the Taklimakan Desert and the protection of the ecological environment in arid areas. 【Results】 A total of 19 strains were isolated from Sophora alopecuroides samples, which were distributed in 11 genera.8 strains were isolated from Karelinia caspica samples and distributed in 5 genera.5 strains were isolated from Inula salsoloides samples and distributed in 5 genera.4 strains were isolated from Tamarix ramosissima samples and distributed in 2 genera.28 strains of bacteria were isolated from YMA medium, distributed in 15 genera; 8 strains of bacteria were isolated from Ashby nitrogen free medium and distributed in 7 genera.Rhizobium sp.80417 from Tamarix ramosissima, Enterobacter sp.81227 and Acinetobacter sp.81240 from Sophora alopecuroides, Paenibacillus sp.80802 and Microbacterium sp.80803 from karelinia caspica had strong nitrogen fixation ability. 【Conclusion】 The diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria has promoted the supplement of nitrogen in nutrient poor environment.