Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze the adaptation mechanism of drought resistant rootstocks of almond to the drought stress environment from the relationship between the stem xylem anatomical structure and the embolism characteristics. 【Methods】 The one-year old seedlings of five different almond rootstocks with different drought tolerance levels, including Da Badan (Amygdalus communes var.fragilis)(C₁), Ku Badan ( A.communs var.amara)(C₂), Tianren Taobadan A.communs var. persistides (West.) Rehd.(C₃), Kuren Taobadan A.communs var.persistides (West.) Rehd.(C₄), and Xinjiang local peach (A.persista L.)(C₅), were selected as research materials.Using the "external pressure" method, combined with the "XYLEM xylem hydraulic conductivity and embolism measurement system" and "PMS pressure chamber", the degree of stem natural embolism level and embolism vulnerability value (P₅₀) were measured under normal cultivation conditions.The embolism repairment of the embolized branches at different time periods (30, 80, 130, 180 min) and the xylem anatomical characteristics were analyzed to explore the relationship between the anatomical structure of the stem xylem, the embolism resistance, and the embolism repairment of different drought resistant almond rootstocks. 【Results】 (1) The vulnerability curves(CV) of Da Badan, TianRen Taobadan, Ku Badan, and local peaches were in an "S" shape, while the CV curves of Kuren Taobadan were in an "R" shape; (2) The order of stem xylem embolism resistance (P₅₀) was Da Badan> TianRen Taobadan> Ku Badan> Kuren Taobadan>Local Peach, with Da Badan having the most embolism resistant xylem; (3) The order of xylem embolism repair ability was as follows: Local peach> TianRen Taobadan> Kuren Taobadan> Ku Badan > Da Badan; (4) The drought resistant rootstocks as Da Badan, Ku Badan, and TianRen Taobadan all had small vessels and micropores, high wood density, thick conduit walls and theoretical mechanical strength of conduit walls.They had relative strong embolism resistant ability, but were weaker to embolism repairment.Local peaches and Kuren Taobadan had larger vessels and micropores, lower wood density, and its vessel wall thickness, and theoretical mechanical strength of the vessel wall were smaller than other rootstocks. 【Conclusion】 In summary, the xylem embolism resistance is negatively correlated with embolism repair ability in different almond rootstocks, and the drought resistant rootstocks have embolism resistant xylem.The xylem embolism repairment is positively correlated with the diameter of vessel and micropores, and negatively correlated with wood density, vessel wall thickness, and theoretical mechanical strength of the vessel wall in xylem.