Abstract: 【Objective】 To treat the wild apricot varieties and cultivated varieties by simulating different degrees of drought stress, in order to provide a basis for screening out the excellent varieties with strong drought tolerance. 【Methods】 One-year-old artificially cultivated apricot seedlings and wild cultivated apricot seedlings in southern Xinjiang were used as materials, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) was used to artificially simulate drought, and the anatomical structures of roots, stems and leaves were observed by optical microscope. 【Results】 The results showed that with the increase of drought stress, the diameter of stem pith of wild apricot and cultivated apricot showed a decreasing trend, and the structure was compact and developed, while the thickness of xylem showed an increasing trend. Among them, the thickness of the xylem of the stem of the wild variety was larger than that of the cultivated variety, and the diameter of the pith was smaller than that of the cultivated variety. With the increase of drought stress, the thickness of leaf upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade tissue and spongy tissue decreased significantly, and the thickness of cuticle increased significantly. Among them, the thickness of cuticle, palisade tissue and spongy tissue of wild varieties were larger than those of cultivated varieties, and the upper and lower epidermis of leaves were smaller than those of cultivated varieties. And through the principal component analysis, it was concluded that the comprehensive score of the wild variety's adaptability to drought stress was higher than that of the artificial cultivated variety. 【Conclusion】 The changes of apricot root, stem and leaf structure are the adaptive characteristics of apricot to cope with drought stress. The plant adjusts the root, stem and leaf structure according to the degrees of water deficit to maintain survival and growth. The wild varieties have strong adaptability to drought stress than the cultivated varieties