Abstract: 【Objective】 To comprehensively analyze the planting area of pepper, the research value of pepper pigment, the regulatory pathway and gene of pepper pigment, in order to elucidate the research results of pepper pigment and provide reference for pepper breeders in the selection and cultivation of high-value pepper varieties. 【Methods】 Through the collection, summary and comparative analysis of the latest information related to chili pepper, such as domestic and foreign official websites, literature and technology. 【Results】 The color of pepper fruit was mainly determined by the type and content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins in pulp cells, and carotenoids were the main pigment sources of ripe fruits.Chili peppers have a highly evolved carotenoid synthesis pathway, single gene mutations such as PSY and CCS control fruit color, and non-structural genes may regulate the formation of pepper pigments.The transcription factors Golden2-like (GLK2) and APRR2-Like have been shown to play a major role in the accumulation of chlorophyll and pigment content in peppers.Jang Siyoung et al., demonstrated that chlorophyll and carotenoid production were correlated in chili peppers. 【Conclusion】 Capsicum pigment is widely used as an important industrial raw material in food, medicine, cosmetics and feed additives.