Abstract: 【Objective】 To screen out the appropriate cucumber rootstock grafting combination and matrix ratio. 【Methods】 Fuyang F1-35, Xiasheng F1 and Jufeng No.8 cucumbers were used as scions, Hanetsu, Jinzun and Jinxiu Taimu Japan pumpkins as rootstocks, self-grafted cucumbers as controls, and coarse sand and liquorice residue as substrate materials for soil-less cultivation.Physiological indicators such as plant height, stem thickness and leaf area, assimilative indicators such as above-ground and below-ground dry and fresh weight, and quality indicators such as hardness, adhesion and cohesion were measured.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the effects of different substrate ratios and rootstock combinations on the growth and quality of cucumber. 【Results】 A total of seven principal components were extracted and the combined scores of the 20 trait principal component factors were calculated by weighting the eigenvalues of the principal components.The C₄₁ treatment had the highest combined score of 3.412 and the C₂ treatment had the lowest combined score of 1.592. 【Conclusion】 The substrate ratio (50% coarse sand, 50% liquorice residue) and rootstock combination (scion Xiasheng F1, rootstock Jinzun) of the C₄₁ treatment effectively promote the growth and development of cucumber and improved fruit quality.