Abstract: 【Objective】 To further understand the genetic diversity of local turnip germplasm resources in Xinjiang, which can provide a certain foundation for the development and application of new turnip varieties and turnip products. 【Methods】 74 local turnip germplasm resources in Xinjiang were used as materials to determine 31 traits such as plant traits and fleshy root traits at different nutritional growth stages.Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and SSR molecular marker technology were used to analyze the genetic diversity of turnip resources. 【Results】 The main quality traits of 74 turnip germplasm resources had rich variation, with a coefficient of variation range of 14.1% to 421.1%, and a coefficient of variation range of 7.9% to 31.6% for quantitative traits.A simple correlation analysis was conducted on quantitative traits. There was a significant or extremely significant correlation between plant height, plant width, and leaf length, leaf width, and petiole length.The longitudinal and transverse stems of fleshy roots were highly significantly correlated with single root weight.At an Euclidean distance of 15, the test materials could be divided into four groups.By using SSR molecular markers and selecting 20 pairs of primers with good amplification ability.Most of the resources from the same source region were clustered in one group. 【Conclusion】 The local turnip germplasm resources in Xinjiang have relatively rich genetic diversity.