Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to explore the adaptation mechanism of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica (Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica) cones and needles traits to altitudinal gradient. 【Methods】 Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forests were selected from east to west of the TianShan Mountains at different longitude positions, and different populations of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica were collected and measured for the traits of cones and needles, and the distribution characteristics of the phenotypic and functional traits and their correlations were analyzed by using Tukey's HSD multiple comparisons, correlation analyses, and regression analyses. 【Results】 Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica cone and needles traits varied significantly among different elevation gradients; phenotypic plasticity indices varied to different degrees among different elevation gradients, and overall, the plasticity indices of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica cones and needle traits became larger with the increase of elevation; Among the 55 pairs of trait combinations, 34 pairs of combinations showed highly significant correlation levels (P<0.01), including 25 pairs of highly significant positive correlations and 9 pairs of highly significant negative correlations. Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica phenotypic traits as a whole showed a significant decreasing trend with the elevation gradient, and functional traits as a whole showed a curvilinear variance trend with the elevation gradient. 【Conclusion】 Altitudinal factors on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains significantly affect the phenotypic and functional traits of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica, which adapt to the survival environment of the external vertical altitudinal gradient through the mutual coordination of multiple traits and resource allocation.